Home » Obesity

Tag: Obesity

What Does a Strong Core Do for You?

YouTube player

I am amazed after just two treatments.

100 percent of the muscle contracts with this amazing technology. Nothing else does that like EMSculptNEO.

I am personally amazed at how much better my motorcycle riding, fencing and sword-fighting has improved with just two core treatments. He is absolutely correct. It’s amazing what you can do when you strengthen your core.

4-6 treatments one week apart. HIFEM + RF gives you 20,000 crunches in 30 minutes while burning fat through a patented radiofrequency wavelength between contractions. I cannot tell you how amazed I am by this technology.

30% more muscle and 25% fat reduction – you can’t beat that.

When combined with a daily exercise program, and a ketogenic diet, you will see AMAZING results. Cut your carbohydrates back to less than 20 grams per day. For women, I recommend 90 grams of protein or more daily. For men, I recommend 150 grams of protein daily or more to see the best results.

Call the office and schedule your consultation with me today!!

Office Number: (623) 584-7805.


#LeadFolloworGetOutOrMyWay #JustKeepEsterifying #Ketogenic #Keto #KetogenicLifestyle #Carnivore #DrAdamNally #DocMuscles #DocMusclesLive #DocTalk #DocsWhoLift #LiftRunShoot #DocMusclesLife #PlantBasedDietsSuck YouTube.com/drnally/.
Dr Nallys Lasers: #PicoSure #Icon #SculpSure #TempSure #EMScuptNeo #EMSella #EMFace

Dr. Nally’s Keto/Carnivore LiveStream Video Topics

I will be starting a twice weekly exclusive live-stream here for my amazing online followers and patient who are participating in the KetoClan Group on the following sixteen topics next week. Will be sharing the basics and my 22 years of clinical experience with each of these topics as it relates to health and weight management. These topics will take 10-30 minutes, then giving the remainder of the hour to you to ask questions.

YouTube player

The topics we will cover over the next 8 weeks are listed below:
1. Insulin
2. Monitoring Glucose – CGMs
3. Fat Adaptation
4. Things that make insulin go “bump in the night (or the day)” – (sweeteners, creamers, teas, Resveratrol, nuts, etc)
5. Protein
6. Basic Thyroid Function
7. Female Hormones
8. Male Hormones
9. Testing Ketones in Urine, Breath, Blood
10. Ketoacidosis
11. Medications and ketogenic diets (Metformin, DPP4s, GLP-1, SLT-2s, sulfonoureas, Berberine)
12. Stress – Cortisol & DHEA
13. Exercise – Cardiovascular and Resistance Exercise
14. Sleep
15. Food Cravings and the Subconscious Mind
16. Keto, Carnivore or Fasting – What should I be doing?

Not a member yet? Sign up here.

2022 Keto Awards

I’ve been told that many of you have nominated me. Thank you!!!

Every year Ketogenic.com hosts the Keto Awards with Metabolic Health Summit to highlight some of the best and brightest in our community.


There are five unique categories in which you can nominate and it would be an honor to me for you to add your vote:
Top Keto Educator
Top Keto Book
Top Keto Podcast
Top Keto Researcher
Making Positivity Louder

I’ll be sure to let you know who is selected.
Please take a minute to cast your vote for me.
Vote Here:

https://ketogenic.com/keto-awards-2022/

How Do You Use Exogenous Ketones (BHB)?

BHB stands for beta-hydroxybutyrate. This is one of three naturally occurring ketones formed in the body when metabolizing fat.

I’ve been asked what they are and how to use them quite a few times in the last week, so I thought I’d answer it here. . .

BHB can be used for a number of things:

1) to push you into a ketogenic state for 1-6 hours – I use them to jumpstart keto in people just starting a ketogenic diet (however, if BHB is being used while cheating on carbs at the same time, they often halt weight loss and in some cases can allow for weight gain).

2) I use it as a pre-workout drink for increased energy and stronger muscle contraction (I use them prior to sword fighting and it allows me more energy and endurance.)

3) For appetite suppression when the “munchies” try to kick in due to stress or anxiety.

4) To help enhance cognition in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia and Parkinson’s disease.

5) To improve mental clarity and focus in those with ADD/ADHD.

6) I also use them as a meal replacement while traveling.

7) I use them to help people who are morbidly obese experience a ketogenic state when they have never restricted carbohydrates before.

8) And, to prevent seizures when scuba diving with re-breather type equipment (bubble-less SCUBA).

You can find my exogenous ketones (BHB) at http://www.ketoliving.com

Obesity, Anxiety and The Divided Mind

In past posts, we’ve discussed how to effectively and efficiently lose weight and open the gates of the fat cells.  We’ve talked about the keys to the back doors of the fat cells that must be opened to create effective lipolysis (releasing of fat from the fat cells) and weight reduction.

I want to focus, today, on another key found in the brain.  The brain neuropeptides play a huge role in metabolic balance of the body and have direct relationships to anxiety, stress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).  In the last few years, research into the hormones of the brain (neuropeptides) and body demonstrates that the “autonomic nervous system” plays a very significant roll in losing weight.

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system responsible for “fight or flight responses.”  If a bear rises up in front of you while you are strolling in the woods, and begins to chase you, the autonomic nervous system kicks in to speed up the heart rate, shunt blood to the muscles and turn down the processing of food in the gut while you run from or fight the bear.  This autonomic nervous system is also the system that links emotions (like happiness, sadness, stress, anger, depression) between the conscious and subconscious mind and creates the attachments of these emotions to specific memories.

The Divided Mind and Disease

A disconnect or poor communication between our conscious mind and subconscious mind wreaks havoc in the balance between memory, emotion, cognitive function, endocrine glands and immune system.  One example of this is the onset of panic attacks for no reason.  Another example is chronic fatigue and many symptoms found in autoimmune diseases.  This same autonomic nervous system, when malfunctioning, plays a significant roll in our ability to lose weight.   The subconscious mind triggers the autonomic nervous system without the conscious mind’s involvement.

Thanks to the work of John E Sarno, MD, and Candace B. Pert, PhD, the link between our subconscious mind and the autonomic nervous system is much more clear.  This opens the door to our understanding how the subconscious mind can have a profound effect on obesity.

This field of research requires one to understand a concept about the psyche initially outlined by Dr. Sigmund Freud and his colleague Dr. Josef Breuer (the Father of Psychoanalysis) in the 1880’s.  Misconceptions regarding the basic drives of the human psyche aside, they identified through their clinical evaluations that the human psyche is made up of three parts, the subconscious (the id), conscious (the ego), and the super-conscious (the superego).  They identified an essential concept that the subconscious is a more primitive and childish component of the mind functioning much more instinctually,  and that the ego and super-ego house the intelligent, ethical, and moral consciousness.  They also identified that a split or division can arise between these two partitions causing physiological conflict to arise (i.e. – onset of a panic attack for no reason).

Autonomic Nervous System is made up of two parts: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions. These divisions act like a gas pedal or brake for various organs and functions.

It is important to understand, as Freud pointed out, that you cannot divide the mind into neat compartments suggested by these three divisions.  The mind acts as a single unit.  However, understanding the “id” and it’s instinctual functions being tied to the autonomic nervous system is central to understanding how subconscious can derail weight loss.

Freud and Breuer identified in their Studies on Hysteria that a simple subconscious idea or instinct could be strong enough to exert powerful physical responses without  sufficient intensity to become conscious thought recognized by the individual. This means that a physiologic motor response in the body could be stimulated without being conscious of the reason for the stimulus.  They, along with Jean-Martin Caharcot, Alfred Alder, Franz Alexander and Allan Walters, witnessed this multiple times clinically.  They came to the conclusions that pain and other nervous functions could originate and could actually be created by the mind.

The Mind has the Power to Create Disease

Dr. Pert’s research over the last 40 years has been able to clearly identify a communication system between the brain, the endocrine system and the immune system.  Dr. Pert’s research identified that memory and/or subconscious idea is directly tied to emotion through the brain hormones called neuropeptides that, when triggered, reproduce stored memory, emotion physical autonomic responses (like changes in heart rate, dry mouth, dilation or constriction of the pupils, sweating of the palms or trunk, chest pressure, etc) and even auto-immunity.

Memory, Emotion & Storage Controlled by Neuropeptides

Neuropeptides also participate in memory sorting, storage and recall .   In his recent book, Beyond Order, the clinical psychologist and professor Dr. Jordon Peterson explains that the miracle of memory is not that we remember, the miracle of memory is that we forget and that we only remember what is necessary.  The miracle of memory is that we only remember those things that are important and teach us meaning.  Because we can forget, we don’t drag the horrible details of the past along with us.  Our memories allow us to get free of the past.  All you need is three sleepless nights in which you cannot dispense with the past and you would understand that life would be a literal hell if we cannot dispense with the day, the memory and the emotions of each day. We must renew ourselves in this cyclical unconsciousness we call sleep and resetting of the memory.   It is during this time that memory, emotion and neurohormones are tied together.

Our memories are tied to emotions through neurochemical synapses created in the brain by the neuropeptides.  Forgetting and remembering are very complex and sophisticated cognitive processes.  Our subconscious reduces the memory, emotion and experience to it’s significance.  The significance is then recorded as memory with it’s associated emotion, then our brain lets go of the details.
If you think about it, we boil our lives down to the “jest” of the story and then we remember only the significance of that story with attached emotion.  This process saves us from being crushed by days, years and decades of the gory details of day to day experience.

Anxiety Provoking Memories are Experiences that Still Need Unpacking

If memories from 18 months or older are still bothering you, if they produce negative emotions, that is a sign that that memory has not been correctly or completely unpacked by the complex processes of the brain. It is essential that the brain unpack wisdom from the past that learning can occur and it can be applied to the future.  This process occurs so that you don’t do the same stupid thing over and over again.  Or, it is there so that you can repeat things that worked well.  That is the purpose of memory.  Not recollection, our memory is the extraction of wisdom for the lesson of life from vast experience.
If you have a memory that is still hurting you, making you anxious, causing, fear, guilt or shame, you have not undertaken the complex process of analyzing that memory, pulling out from it the moral, and dispensing with the details.   This is why writing down these specific memories is so very important.
You must write the bad memory out.  You must write out all of the details you remember and the emotions of that experience.  It allows the mind to do the complex processing of identifying wisdom and social moral barriers of uncertainty, anxiety, threat, fear and panic that are bothering you.  This is what therapy does when talking about and discussing the past.
If journaling and writing out the memory is not effective in resolving the anxiety or if you are unable to identify the memory causing the anxiety, you may want to consider hypnotherapy and directed meditation.  This has been very effective with many of my patients having anxiety relating to childhood experiences improperly tied to strong emotions.
W. Dennis Parker does a wonderful job in his book, Spiritual Mind Management, elucidating how our subconscious mind inappropriately ties emotion to simple experiences and memory, and how these can cause anxiety. For those with resistant anxiety to journaling and therapy, hypnotherapy has been very effective.

Other Hormones associated with Anxiety and Obesity

Over the last two decades, I’ve found that two other hormones play a huge role in handling stress, anxiety, brain repair and play a very large role in sleep.  Both of these hormones are derived directly from cholesterol.  Low fat, vegan and vegetarian diets lead to low cholesterol availability and I commonly see low levels of the following hormones in both men and women.
The first of these is Pregnenolone.  Pregnenolone is the precursor sex hormone derived from cholesterol in the blood stream.  When serum pregnenolone level is lower than 50 mg/dL anxiety, insomnia, hair loss, poor recovery from exercise and difficulty with concentration become chronic.  The cognitive cloudiness that occurs with low pregnenolone levels make the unpacking of traumatic experiences and the sorting of wisdom from day to day experience difficult due to poor sleep.  I have been amazed that just the simple supplementation of pregnenolone nightly reverses anxiety, improves sleep, stops chronic migraine headaches, increases cognition and frequently allows people to “feel normal again.”
The second hormone is Progesterone.  Interestingly progesterone is derived directly from pregnenolone.  If large amounts of mental or physical stress are occurring, pregnenolone is used to make DHEA, Cortisol and Cortisone.  Little is left to make progesterone which is necessary for further hair growth, sleep, focus, memory, the healing effects from stress and trauma in the brain.  Progesterone often acts like a “brain steroid” healing both brain and spinal cord from stress and trauma.
Any evaluation for anxiety, insomnia, PTSD or stress must include screening both of these hormones, because without them, I’ve seen patients suffer for years with failure of the standard approaches.
One other molecule that has hormonal activities in the arena of anxiety and weight loss is that of methylated folic acid.  Folic acid is converted into L-Methyl Folate within every cell of the body.  This is accomplished by and enzyme called methytetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR).  About 60-65% of the patients I see in my office with insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose or diabetes have a deficiency in one or both of the MTHFR genes leading to poor conversion of folic acid to the methylated form.   This is detrimental as methylated folic acid is essential in using Vitamin B12 within every cell of the body.
Lack of effective MTHFR enzymes leads to neuropathy, anxiety, depression, obesity and in severe cases elevated homocysteine levels and schizophrenias.  You can learn more about that by reading my blog article on Folic Acid here and a youtube video on it here.

The Search for Individual Meaning is The Deepest of Human Instincts

The human psyche is stabilized by the search for and the experience of individual meaning within life. The subconscious instinct for understanding our individual meaning is the deepest thing about us as humans.  It is innate and is part of our survival instinct.  What if the instinct understanding or experiencing meaning meaning goes wrong?  Pathologizing or lying about that individual meaning causes one to become “lost.”  Understanding that the instinct for meaning can be distorted or lied about is the most frightening thing upon this planet.  If you pathologize that individual meaning with deceit, you will be in the hands of things you do not want to contemplate.  If you have no theory of good and evil, if you’ve never been exposed to malevolence and someone malevolent touches you, you’re done for.
Being true to one’s self or truthful with your understanding of individual meaning helps to properly orient a person in the world, and find middle ground between complete chaos on one side of life and rigid totalitarianism on the other.   Finding and living in that middle ground requires one to rely upon individual instincts founded in truth.   If you want to live in harmony with yourself and your instincts, and live in a middle ground between a life of chaos and one of totalitarianism, don’t feed yourself or surround yourself with indigestible lies, half-truths and deceit.  You certainly shouldn’t try to warp the world around you by intentionally sharing deceitful meaning.

Anxiety Arises from Naivete

The sheltered soul or naive person is raised with the mindset that “all people are innately good.”  The thought or concept that people are “fundamentally good” is a complete misconception.  Being “good” is very difficult.  It is by no means the default position of the natural man and the subconscious mind. Entropy, catastrophe, tragedy, malevolence and death is the default position of human nature and the subconscious mind.  Good struggles up against this continually.
The people who are most prone to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are usually naïve people who have been sheltered from malevolence – sheltered from those who are truly spiteful, hostile, vicious, malicious, malignant, vindictive, pernicious, vengeful, hateful, rancorous, and evil-minded.  This is a well known clinical fact and can be found throughout the psychology literature.  There is nothing about this fact that is questionable.  The naïve world view is that you believe the world is fundamentally good – you believe that good behavior is rewarded with good in return – and you don’t really believe that there is any such thing as evil, and you encounter someone who is malevolent (and often you encounter this in yourself).  That sheltering is general throughout our society.  Death no longer occurs at home, it usually occurs in a hospital.  People live in cities and are rarely exposed to the death of animals and the cycle of life seen 100 years ago in farm and ranch life.
Often in those with PTSD, people who have been sheltered from these things, do something, or are required to do something, so morally reprehensible that it damages them psycho-physiologically. Until their psychological framework of good and evil changes, it is very difficult to recover.   These people have no framework in which to conceptualize violent death, evil or the reprehensible act.  They are unable to balance the conscious and subconscious memories and emotions attached to reprehensible emotional guilt, and it destroys them.  This is very common among soldiers.  It’s not always what they saw, it’s what they did or what they were a part of.
Telling and teaching people that humans are innately good (which has been part of our school system teaching for decades) and that evil doesn’t really exist makes them ripe picking for the malevolent and there is nothing about that which is positive.  It leaves tremendous anxiety and psycho-physiological scars in the wake.  This sheltered outlook is cowardice masquerading as virtue.  We see it more and more in our society.
This is why a teenage boy or girl in a traditional Christian or Jewish school is wiser and happier than the 50 year old professor of philosophy in a secular college.  The person who innately understand that good and evil exist within the world have a much easier time coping with and handling stress and trauma that will cross all of our paths.

What does anxiety, chronic stress and PTSD have to do with obesity and weight gain?

Signals in our environment from very stressful life experiences on a daily basis, chronic underlying stress, chronic anxiety, radiation exposure, infectious organisms (such as bacteria and viruses), xenobiotic chemicals, allergens, intestinal bacterial metabolites and food-derived bioactive substances (including phytochemicals), all have influence on messages received by our genes that then influences their expression. Gene expression can turn on and off neuropeptides.  This can effect the autonomic nervous system turning the metabolism up or down.  The expression of our genes in turn controls our health and disease outcomes.  This is one of the reasons COVID-19 seems to effect some people more dramatically than others.

The hormonal counterbalance of blood sugar is regulated, in part, by the autonomic nervous system.  Changes to this system increase or decrease cortisol & glucose production, thereby affecting production of insulin and other weight mediating hormones.  Changes in neuropeptides from stress or anxiety can act just like eating a meal.

As blood sugar falls, the autonomic nervous system responds to balance the blood sugar.  If this system is dysfunctional or under chronic stress, cortisol and adrenalin will cause higher blood sugars due to the stress response and can trigger increased hunger inappropriately.

This is why chronic stress, poor sleep, or even getting cut off while driving in traffic is the equivalent of eating a donut to your hormone responses.  If you’re not exercising, theses hormones will cause weight gain without any change in your diet, and even with caloric restriction.

How Do You Combat Chronic Stress or Anxiety?

  1. Exercise – Because these hormones are released subconsciously, the only way to help control them is regular and consistent physical activity or exercise.  Exercise, 20-40 minutes 3-6 days per week, is often the only way my patients have been able to combat the weight gain from chronic stress, anxiety and PTSD.
  2. Adequate ProteinRecent studies have demonstrated that hitting protein thresholds in men ( > 150 grams per day) and women ( > 90 grams per day) increased growth hormone and decrease insulin, helping to offset the negative effect of stress and anxiety.  This is a key component of a ketogenic or carnivorous lifestyle.
  3. Sleep -Lack of sleep has been implicated in difficulty with weight loss and weight gain.  Lack of sleep places the body into a state of chronic stress. This elevates cortisol, lowers testosterone, increases insulin (there’s that insulin problem, again) and increases the other inflammatory hormones. This perfect storm of stress, driven by lack of restful sleep, plays a big role in fat loss. My average patient needs at a minimum of 6-7 hours of restful sleep to maintain and lose weight. This is where untreated sleep disorders like sleep apnea play a big role. If you have sleep apnea, get it treated. What else can you do to help improve sleep?
    • Remove the computer, iPad and cell phones from the room.
    • Lower the room temperature. Men sleep better around 68-70 degrees F and women sleep better when the temperature is <70 degrees F.
    • Close the blinds or shades to add or darken the room.
    • Don’t study or watch TV in the same room you sleep in. Your body gets used to doing certain activities in certain rooms of the house. The bedroom should be reserved for sleep.
    • Go to bed at the same time
    • Get up at the same time. 
  4. Journaling – Daily journaling of experiences is one of the most powerful keys to helping the brain sort powerful emotions related to anxiety and memory.
  5. Meditation – I’ve created a 23 minute relaxation/meditation audio file that you can listen to for 30 days to help change your subconscious script on weight loss.  You can find it here.
  6. Some people need additional help through hypnosis.  Talk to your doctor about a certified hypnotherapist near you.  If you are a patient of Dr. Nally’s, he offers these services. Set an appointment today.
  7. Additional Resources – If this information is helpful, you may find additional interest in the following books:
  • “Loving What Is ” by Byron Katie
  • “Overcoming Worry and Fear” by Paul A Hauck
  • “The Joys of Living” by Orison Swett Marden

What to Expect

It may take your body and body’s biorhythm 3-4 weeks to adjust to changes you make around exercise, journaling, protein & sleep habits. Be patient with yourself.

Knowing that these challenges plague people on and off throughout the year, and, seeing people get hung up on these issues, I’ve created the Ketogenic Lifestyle 101 Course.  This program gets you jump-started into ketosis and gives you the tools to overcome the individual hurtles you will experience on your health journey.

 

What Law of the Universe are you Missing?

As a dual boarded physician in both family medicine and obesity medicine, Dr. Nally spent years training to understand the intricate physical laws of nature and science that keep the amazing human body functioning. When we understand how these physical laws of the natural world work, we are able to use them to our advantage.

Dr. Nally has written extensively about these laws in his twelve training modules found in the KetoClan Coaching Membership. Access to this information is invaluable and something you don’t want to miss.

You can also get access to his regular videos and live-streams at DocMuscles.Locals.com where he frequently shares clinical pearls and insights to help you along your journey to amazing health.

Long-term weight loss

Long-Term Weight Loss: Why So Many Fail

Over fifty years of data have demonstrated that creating energy deficit through the reduction in caloric intake is effective in reducing weight. . . However, it is only for the short term (1, 2).  The biggest challenge physicians face in the treatment of obesity is that calorie restriction fails when it comes to long-term weight loss.

Isn’t Fasting Effective in Long-Term Weight Loss?

With the craze and popularity of intermittent fasting, some have claimed that intermittent fasting is more effective in weight reduction.  Recent results demonstrate that this may also be incorrect.  In the short term evaluation of caloric restriction and intermittent fasting, reduction in 15-20 lbs of weight is effectively seen and the highly publicized Biggest Loser’s losing ~ 120 lbs.  Intermittent fasting and alternate day fasting have been shown to be more effective in lowering insulin levels and other inflammatory markers in the short term.

There is, however, controversy over maintaining weight loss beyond 12 months in the calorie restriction, intermittent and alternate day fasting groups. Forty different studies in a recent literature review, thirty-one of those studies looking at forms of intermittent fasting, demonstrate that the majority of people regain the weight within the first 12 months of attempting to maintain weight loss(3, 5).  This is, also, what I have seen for over 18 years of medical practice.

Is Calorie Restriction the Only Way to Lose Fat?

Numerous “experts” claim that the only way to reduce fat is “caloric deficit.”  Variations through the use of intermittent, long-term or alternate day fasts can be found all over the internet.   In regards to calorie restriction, these “experts” with nothing more than a personal experience and a blog to back their claims preach this louder than the “televangelists” preach religion.  Based on the faith that many place in this dogma, it could be a religion.  What causes belief in this dogma is that weight and fat loss actually does occur with caloric restriction to a point.  The average person will lose 20-25 lbs, however, within 12 months of achieving this goal, most people regain all the weight.  (No one ever mentions the almost universal problem with long-term weight loss, especially those “experts.”)

Prolonged calorie restricted fasts, intermittent fasts, and alternate day fasts are often grouped together into the fasting approach, causing significant confusion among those that I speak to and counsel in my office.  There is great data that alternate day fasts do not have the reduction in resting energy expenditure that prolonged fasting, intermittent fasting and calorie restriction cause.  However, none of these approaches appears to solve the problem of weight re-gain after long-term (12-24 months into maintenance) weight loss (3).  And, a recent study of 100 men participating in alternate day fasting showed that there was a 38% dropout rate, implying that without close supervision and direction, maintenance of this lifestyle is not feasible for over 1/3rd of those attempting it.

Long-Term Weight Loss Failure Brings Tears

Failure on calorie restricted diets, low fat diets, and intermittent fasting diets with weight regain at twelve to twenty-four months is the most common reason people end up in my office in tears.  They’ve fasted, starved themselves, calorie restricted, tried every form of exercise, and still regained the weight.  Trainers, coaches and “experts” have belittled them for “cheating” or just not keeping to the diet.  Yet, we know that calorie restriction and intermittent fasting cause a rebound in leptin, amilyn, peptid YY, cholecystikinin, insulin, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory peptide and pancreatic poly peptide by twelve months causing ineffective long-term weight loss (6).  The dramatic rise in these hormones stimulates tremendous hunger, especially from ghrelin and leptin.

Hormones after weight loss
N Eng J Med 27 Oct 2011. Mean (±SE) Fasting and Postprandial Levels of Ghrelin, Peptide YY, Amylin, and Cholecystokinin (CCK) at Baseline, 10 Weeks, and 62 Weeks.

Although less problematic in alternate day fasting, these calorie restricted approaches also cause dramatic slowing of the metabolism at the twelve month mark.  In many cases, the metabolic rate never actually returns to baseline, creating even more difficulty in losing further weight or even maintaining weight (6).

Weight rebound after loss
N Engl J Med 27 Oct 2011. Mean changes is weight from 0 – 62 weeks.

Is Gastric Bypass or Gastric Sleeve the Solution?

Gastric bypass and the gastric sleeve procedures have been touted as the solution to this problem, as they decrease ghrelin, however, 5-10 years later, these patients are also back in my office.  They find that 5-10 years after these procedures the weight returns, cholesterol and blood pressure rise, and diabetes returns.  These hormones kick into high gear, stimulating hunger in the face of a slowed metabolism, that to date, has been the driver for weight regain in the majority of people.  People find it nearly impossible to overcome the hunger. You may have experienced this, I know I have.

It’s the Hormones, Baby!

So, what is the answer?  It’s the hormones.  (WARNING – You’ll hear that when your wife is pregnant, too, gentlemen).  We are hormonal beings, both in weight gain, and in pregnancy.  Trying to preach calorie control to a hormonal being is like showing up at the brothel to baptize the staff. You might get them into the water, but you’re probably not getting them returning weekly to church or pay a tithe.

Respect My HormonesSo, how do you manipulate the hormones in a way to control the rebounding hunger and suppression of metabolism?  This is where we put a bit of twist on the knowledge we’ve gained from alternate day fasting.  Recent research shows that “mild” energy deficit in a pulsatile manner, that has the ability to mimicking the body’s normal bio-rhythm’s is dramatically effective in reducing weight and maintaining normal hormonal function without cause of rebound metabolic slowing (4).

Pulsed Mild Energy Restriction

What does this mean in layman’s terms?  It means that if we provide a diet that maintains satiety hormones while providing a period of baseline total energy expenditure needs and a period of mildly reduce caloric intake in a pulsed or cyclic manner, greater weight loss occurs and there is no rebound of weight 1-2 years later.

The main reason I’ve not jumped on the intermittent fasting band wagon is the shift in leptin, amylin, ghrelin and GLP-1 signaling that regularly occurs at the 6-12 month mark.  The rebound of these hormones causes weight re-gain and is what prevents successful long-term weight loss.  A number of people come to my office and tell me they couldn’t follow a ketogenic diet, so they’re doing intermittent fasting and it works . . . for a while.  Then, they end up in my office having hit a plateau or fallen off the wagon and regained all the weight.  They are completely confused and don’t understand what happned.  Most of them are convinced it’s their thyroid or cortisol and they’ve seen every naturopath and functional medicine doctor in town.

What people really need is a simple approach to long-term weight loss without having to spend the night in the physiology lab every two weeks sleeping under a ventilated hood system.

The Ketogenic Lifestyle is a Pulsed Energy Lifestyle

  • First, it is essential to turn off the insulin load. Insulin is the master hormone.  This is done by a ketogenic lifestyle that restricts carbohydrates.
  • Second, providing adequate protein to supply maintenance of muscle and testosterone is key.
  • Third, providing adequate fat is the simple way to maintain leptin, ghrelin, amylin, GLP-1 (among the others) and long-term weight loss.  Can you eat too much fat?  Of course you can.  But, because each of us have differing levels of stress and activity each day, this fat intake becomes the lever for hunger control.
  • Fourth, the use of exogenous ketones ensures easily accessible ketone (short chain fatty acids) to modulate adipose (white fat) signaling of the liver without large caloric intake through the portal vein by first pass of liver metabolism.  The ketones also help stabilize the gut bacteria.  The combination of hormone balance between the liver and fat cells and improvement of gut bacteria suppresses key hunger hormones and aids glucose regulation between the fatty tissues and the liver.  Ketones, both endogenous and exogenous, suppress production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, resistin, and stabilize production of adiponectin and leptin from the adipose cells (7, 8, 9).

In my office, once we calculate the basic protein needs daily, we start with a 1:1 ratio of protein to fat.  Then, the fat is adjusted up or down based on hunger. Remember, hunger occurs, because your body produces hormones.  The addition of fat to a diet that is not stimulating large amounts of insulin resets the hormone patterns back to normal without causing weight gain.

Give Obese People Fat Ad Libitum?

“Sure, Dr. Nally, but what about those people who don’t know if they are hungry, bored, stressed or just have a bacon fixation?  You can’t just give them all the fat they want?!”

Why not?  Implying that people aren’t smart enough to know when they are full is a bit of a fascist philosophy, don’t you think?

Do people over eat?  Sure they do.  But, I’ve found that when you give people an antidote to hunger (using fat intake in the presence of stabilized insulin levels) over a few months, people begin to recognize true hunger from other forms of cravings.  This is especially true when they keep a diet journal.  This gives people the ability to begin listening to their own bodies, responding accordingly and governing their stress, eating, exercise and activity.  Keeping a diet journal is key to long-term weight loss.  And, isn’t helping people use their own agency to improve their health really what we’re trying to do?

Interestingly, doing this over the years seems to line up with the findings of this year’s MATADOR study in the International Journal of Obesity.  They found that mild intermittent energy restriction of about 30-33% for two weeks, then interrupting this with two weeks of a diet that was energy balanced for needs improved both short and long-term weight loss efficiency (4).  In looking at my, and my patient’s diet journals, this energy restriction of about 1/3 of needed calories cyclically seems to happens naturally with a ketogenic lifestyle, without even counting calories.  (Calories are a swear-word in my office).

What does the correct long-term wight loss program look like in a diet or meal plan?  Well, you’ll have to join the Ketogenic Lifestyle 101 Course to see what that really means to you individually.  I look forward to seeing you there.

Want to find out more about the Ketogenic Lifestyle 101 course?  CLICK HERE.

 

Have you read my book The Keto Cure?  Get a signed copy from me by clicking HERE.

References:

  1. Bronson FH, Marsteller FA. “Effect of short-term food deprivation on reproduction in female mice.” Biol Reprod. Oct 1985; 33(3): 660-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4052528?dopt=Abstract&holding=npg
  2. Connors JM, DeVito WJ, Hedge GA. “Effects of food deprivation on the feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of the rat.” Endocrinology. Sep 1985. 117(3): 900-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3926471?dopt=Abstract&holding=npg
  3. Seimon RV, Roekenes JA, Zibellini J, Zhu B, Gibson AA, Hills AP, Wood RE, King NA, Byrne NM, Sainsbury A. “Do intermittent diets provide physiological beneftis over continuous diets for weight loss? A systematic review of clinical trials.” Mol Cell Endo. 15 Dec 2015. 418(2): 153-172. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303720715300800
  4. Byrne NM, Sainsbury A, King NA, Hills AP, Wood RE. “Intermittent energy restriction improves weight loss efficiency in obese men: the MATADOR study.” Int J Obes. 2018. 42:129-138.  https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo2017206
  5. Trepanowski JF, Kroeger CM, Barnosky A. “Effect of Alternate-Day Fasting on Weight Loss, Weight Maintenance, and Cardioprotection Among Metabolically Healthy Obese Adults.” JAMA Intern Med. Jul 2017. 177(7): 930-938. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2623528?redirect=true
  6. Sumithran P, Prendergast LA, Delbridge E, Purcell K, Shulkes A, Kriketos A, Proietto J. “Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss.” N Engl J Med. 27 Oct 2011. 365: 1597-1604. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1105816
  7. Asrih M et al., “Ketogenic diet impairs FGF21 signaling and promotes differential inflammatory responses in the liver and white adipose tissue.” PlosOne. 14 May 2015. Open Access. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126364
  8. Veniant MM et al. “FGF21 promotes metabolic homeostasis via white adipose and leptin in mice.” PlosOne.  Jul 2012. Open access. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040164
  9. Whittle AJ, “FGF21 conducts a metabolic orchestra and fat is a key player.” Endocrinology. 1 May 2016. 157(5): 1722-1724.
Fat Lock Box #DocMuscles #KetonianKing

Ketones – One of the Keys to the Fat Lock-Box

Do you have the keys to your “fat lock-box?”

Lock-boxes have always fascinated me.  Lock-boxes with special keys are even more fascinating.  The more I’ve learned about fat cells (adipocytes), the more I think about them as special fuel depositories or fat lock-boxes.  Before the invention of refrigerators, fast-food, Bisquick and beer, our bodies preserved and reserved fat as a precious commodity.

The body, when given fat with carbohydrates or excess protein, quickly places the fat into a lock-box for safe keeping.  It does this for two reasons. First, the body can store fat very efficiently. Second, hormone signals stimulate fat storage when other fuel sources (carbohydrate & protein) are present in excess. The body can access this stored fuel only when the right presentation of hormonal keys are present.  Fascinatingly, we now know from recent research, there are actually three types of lock-boxes for fat in the human body (white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and tan adipose tissue).

The greatest challenge for the obesity doctor is getting into the fat lock-box.  Some people’s boxes are like the “Jack-in-the-Box” you had as a child – just add a little exercise spinning the handle and the box pops open (These are those people that say, “Oh, just eat less and exercise and you’ll lose weight.”)  For the majority of the people I see, it’s more like the lock above with a four or five part key required to turn the gears just right.  (And, that key often only seems available on a quarter moon at midnight when the temperature is 72 degrees.)  Fat cells, called adipocytes, require four, and possibly more, keys to open them up and access the fuel inside.  Exercise is only one of those keys.  However, exercise alone often fails.

Over the last 18 months, I have been surprisingly impressed with the results patients have by the addition of both medium chain triglycerides and exogenous ketones.   A number of people have asked me, “Why do you encourage the addition of exogenous ketones to a person already following a ketogenic diet?”

Others just accuse me of self promotion, saying, “You’re just trying to sell a product!”

Or they exclaim, “Giving more ketones is just a waste of time and money.”

A few of the uneducated holler from across cyberspace, “You’re just going to cause ketoacidosis!”

Believe me, I’ve heard it all.  And, the skepticism is understandable.  I work with people every day, looking closely at weight gain/loss, metabolism, cholesterol, blood pressure, inflammation, etc.  With any “low-carb” or “ketogenic product,” I test it out on myself and my family, before I offer it to my patients or even consider encouraging its use in my practice.  I have this desire to understand “the how” and “the why” before I prescribe the who and when.

The Fat Lock-Box Keys

First , let’s talk about the adipocyte as a fat lock-box – and where you find the keys. Then, we’ll discuss how products may or may not help.

Insulin

There is only one door INTO the adipocyte for the fat, and the key to that door is insulin.   Insulin stimulates an enzyme called lipoprotein lipase that essentially pulls the fat from the cholesterol molecule into the fat cell.  Without insulin, fat doesn’t enter the fat cell.  As a result, type I diabetics (those that make absolutely no insulin) look anorexic if they don’t take their needed insulin.   Insulin is also the first key to the back door on the adipocyte.  Actually, if there is too much insulin in the system, fat enters easily through the front door but cannot exit the back door (Picture 1). Insulin seals up the back door so that fat cannot exit very effectively.

That’s why insulin is the master hormone when it comes to obesity.  You’ve got to lower the over-all insulin load to get the adipocyte slowing fat entry and increasing fat exit.  If you don’t do that, I don’t care how much you exercise, 85% of the population will struggle with weight loss.  Hmmm, seems kind a familiar to the last 50 years of our obesity epidemic, No?

Stimulation Lipolysis #DocMuscles #KetonianKing
Picture 1 – Four Key Pathways to Adipocyte Stimulation of Lipolysis

Catecholamines

The second key to the back door of the fat cells are the catecholamines.  These are adrenaline (epinephrine), norepinephrine, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and even serotonin.  These hormones are produced in the adrenal glands through exercise, fear and even recollection of powerful memories. Medications can also stimulate production of these hormones.  The catecholamines stimulate cAMP.  cAMP opens the fat cell, releasing fatty acids for fuel.

#WhereIsBaconBoy #DocMuscles #KetonianKing

The thyroid hormone conversion of T4 to T3 also plays a role in uptake of the catecholamines by adnylyl cyclase (AC).  Low levels of T3 (like those seen in hypothyroidism or in cases of thyroiditis) also inhibit unlocking of the fat lock-box.  Conversion of T4 to T3 is driven by the presence of bile salts in the gut.  Increase fat intake increases the presence of the bile salts which naturally leads to better T3 conversion.  Hence my constant references to eating more fat and bacon. .

Inflammation & Medications

The third key is an inhibitory effect on adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity by alpha and beta adrenoreceptors, adenosine, prostaglandins, neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, HM74-R & nicotinic acid.  These inhibitory and inflammatory hormones produced in the brain, gut and other areas decrease cAMP activity in the fat cell and slow fat loss.  The fancy long names are all hormones causing inflammation.  Of note, many are also stimulated by medications including blood pressure lowering drugs. Check with your doctor if the medications you are taking may be causing weight gain, or halting your weight loss.

Please note that the first three keys have effect on the cAMP pathway for release of fat from the adipocyte.  These three keys turn on or off effective function of cAMP leading release of fatty acids from the fat cell.

Naturitic Peptides

The fourth key follows a separate pathway.  This is why I’ve clinically seen patients experience weight loss even in the presence of higher insulin, inflammatory disease or hypothyroidism. This key activates release of the naturitic peptides (ANP, BNP).  These hormones are released from the heart when it squeezes more powerfully.  As the cardiac muscle contracts, it releases ANP & BNP hormones.  These hormones stimulate the cGMP pathway in the adipocyte.   It then activates hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin to release free fatty acids.  Again, this pathway is separate from the pathway by which the first three keys released fat.   Exercise increases heart contractility, but is inhibited by high insulin levels.  However, ketones themselves also stimulate this increased contractile effect.

Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis & Testosterone

There actually is a fifth key not referenced above.  The fifth key to the fat lock-box amplifies testosterone’s presence through the HPG axis.  Insulin resistance and leptin resistance lower testosterone in men and raise it in women, causing poly-cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).   Normalizing insulin levels (with a ketogenic diet) while at the same time increasing ketones as the primary fuel powerfully resets the HPG axis through a complex series of hormonal reactions.  Growth hormone is balanced and testosterone returns to a normal range.

Clinically, 60% of the people I see in the office have abnormal testosterone due to insulin resistance. This leads to hypogonadism in men and PCOS (abnormal periods, facial hair growth and/or infertility) in women.  Restricting carbohydrates and maintaining nutritional ketosis by diet and/or addition of exogenous ketones has a powerful corrective factor in these people.

Testosterone influences the up-regulation of the alpha & beta adrenergic receptors (the 2nd & 3rd key above).  Hence, if your testosterone is low, it has a suppression on the way that the catecholamines influence fatty acid release from the fat cells.  If your testosterone and growth hormone are normal, muscle development and adrenaline stimulus from exercise helps amplify the use and mobilization of fat from the fat cell.  In people with insulin resistance and leptin resistance, exercise and the catecholamines don’t have the same fat burning effect.

What Does This Actually Mean?

Yes, I have greatly simplified a series of very complex hormonal pathways in the explanation of the keys above.  Why do you think understanding obesity has been so difficult?  Think of your adipocytes as a fat lock-box.

What’s even more important is the knowledge that the fat cell DOES NOT open or close because of calories.  There is no dogmatic calorie-meter on the wall of the fat cell.  There is no calorie key to the fat lock-box.  Really, . . . in the 50 years of studying fat, researchers haven’t found one.  (Prove me wrong when you show me an electron micro-graph of a calorie-meter in the wall of a cell).  Science has demonstrated multiple times that the lack of food from starvation or excessive fasting suppresses thyroid function (an inhibitory effect on key #3).  Restricting calories actually inhibits fat loss in many people.

The fat lock-box keys I refer to above are hormone responses to the presence of macro-nutrients (food).  That means, first reduce your carbohydrate intake by eating real food from good sources. You can learn how to get started by registering for my FREE six part weight loss mini-course.  Second, be as active as you can. Third, reduce stress and medications that have inhibitory effect on catacholamines. Fourth, balance your thyroid. And, fifth, get into ketosis and consider adding exogenous ketones to your dietary regimen.  It really is that simple.

References

(For those of you that still believe there is a calorie key – or just need something to do while in the bathroom):

  1. Lafontan et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005
  2. Lenard NR, Obesity, 2008
  3. Li XF et al, Endo (April 2004) Vol 145
  4. Liu YY& Brent GA, Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Mar; 21(3): 166–173
  5. Max Lafontan et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:2032-2042
  6. Skorupskaite K et al, Hum Rep Update, Mar 2014, vol 20

Coconut Oil – Duct Tape for the Broken Metabolism

Coconut oil can be found in just about every grocery store, health food store and coffee shop near you.  It was made popular in the last few years by the highly advertised Bullet Proof Coffee claims of health and taste over the last few years.  But in the last few days, the news outlets through video and print have made it clear that the American Heart Association (AHA) isn’t happy with our use of this “duct tape for one’s metabolism.” The AHA has long been a proponent of education against activities increasing the risk of heart disease.  Since 1961 the AHA has decried the use of saturated fat, based on their support of Ansel Key’s diet heart hypothesis, and leading to over 60 years of preaching against the use of saturated fats from the pulpits of science.  The claim is that 85% of coconut oil is saturated fat (this is the fat deemed “evil” by those “disciples of the low-fat cloth”).   Yes, coconut oil is predominantly a saturated fat.  And approximately 75% of that is medium chain triglycerides, the form that converts most efficiently into ketones, for those of us using ketogenic nutritional approaches to health.  But is coconut oil really bad for your heart health?

Those of us using ketogenic diets know that LDL-C will commonly rise with increased saturated fat intake.  And, we’ve know this for over twenty years. This is to be expected, because LDL-C is really comprised of three different LDL sub-particles (big fluffy, medium, and small dense).  We’ve known for the last twenty years that increased saturated fat actually causes a shift in these particles to bigger “fluffier” particles.  We also know that it’s the small dense LDL particles are the atherogenic/inflammatory particles participating in the formation of vascular disease (arterial blockage) and their presence in the blood is directly correlated with the level of triglyceride, and that the big “fluffy” particles actually reduce the risk of vascular disease. Those of us following ketogenic lifestyles and treating disease with these protocols also know that triglycerides levels are increased directly by increasing levels of insulin.

The 2015 British Medical Journal published a study reviewing the relevant 19 peer reviewed medical articles that included over 68,000 participants.  This review showed that there is no association of high LDL-C (a calculated value of all the LDL sub-particles) with mortality (meaning that an elevated LDL-C does not lead to an increased risk of death from heart disease).  In stark contrast to this landmark review, The American Heart Association’s Presidential Advisory published this week in the June 20, 2017 issue of Circulation states that saturated fat is the cause of increased LDL-C and elevated LDL-C is associated with an increase in death by cardiovascular disease.  This boldfaced claim is based on a single small 4 year (2009-2013) literature review completed by the World Health Organization with a whopping 2353 participants, most of these studies only lasting 3-5 weeks (not nearly long enough to see fully effective cholesterol changes) and none of which had any focus on carbohydrate intake, insulin levels or LDL sub-particle measurement.  From this singular study, the AHA concludes that elevated LDL-C is an indicator of increased cardiovascular mortality.  That’s the equivalent of saying, “you know cars drive on the roads and cause pot holes, so we should all STOP driving cars because it is causing our freeway system to have increased pot holes.”

You can’t extrapolate mortality risk based on a single small study that doesn’t actually identify correlation or causation.  But the AHA did exactly that in 1961, and they are trying to do it again today.   The MR-FIT study, largest study ever completed, is incessantly quoted as the study that demonstrates reduction in cholesterol leads to reduction in cardiovascular disease, but this trial was actually a failure and did not demonstrate improved risk by lowering cholesterol.  In fact, the Director of the study, Dr. William Castelli actually stated, “. . . the more saturated fat one ate, the more cholesterol one ate, the more calories one ate, the lower people’s serum cholesterol…”

“We found that the people who ate the most cholesterol, ate the most saturated fat, ate the most calories weighed the least and were the most physically active,” he said.

Isn’t that interesting?

So, is coconut oil, or any other food high in saturated fat to blame?  Absolutely not!  There is no solid evidence to support these facts and there hasn’t been in over 65 years.   In fact, clinically, I find that the addition of coconut oil lowers triglycerides, decreases appetite, improves energy, improves skin tone, and plays a huge role in shifting the Omega 3/6 ratios to a more normal 2:1 level.

[clickToTweet tweet=”Is coconut oil, or any other food high in saturated fat to blame?  Absolutely not! #docmuscles” quote=”Is coconut oil, or any other food high in saturated fat to blame?  Absolutely not!  There is no solid evidence to support these facts and there hasn’t been in over 65 years. #docmuscles”]

So, how does coconut oil help the broken metabolism?  The majority of people I see in my office have insulin resistance to some degree.  Insulin resistance is an over production of insulin in response to any form of carbohydrate or starch.  Increasing your saturated fat, does two things.  It provides a fantastic form of fuel, one your body can use very easily.  And second, it will decrease your craving for starches and carbohydrates, naturally decreasing production of insulin and helping to improve insulin resistance over time.

If you want to learn more about using fat and improving insulin resistance, see my previous blog post here.

You can learn more about how our acceptance of bad science has lead to an obesity and diabetes epidemic in our country over the last 65 years by reading these books below:

 

Podcast #32: Hereditary Angioedema, Lower Blood Ketones, Statins, Healthy Keto Lifestyle

Hereditary AngioEdema.jpg
Stomach Pain & Swelling with Hereditary Angio-Edema (HAE)

Listen to KetoTalk Podcast #32 where we talk about hereditary angio-edema, adequate ketone ranges, statin use while in ketosis and healthy keto questions.  You can listen in by going to KetoTalk.com or you can listen in on iTunes.

Statin.jpg

“About 40 percent of my older patient population who take statins while eating ketogenic experience some form of myalgia they didn’t have before. And there’s an amplified side effect profile: muscle ache, joint pain, generalized fatigue, liver enzyme elevation, and cloudy headed.” — Dr. Adam Nally

 

Ketogenic BioHacking Workshop – Online

Ketogenic BioHacking.png

How does a ketogenic diet work?

How can it help my metabolism?

What actually occurs in your metabolism when you become a fat burning machine?

How does functioning off of ketones aid and improve disease?

Join Dr.Nally online, via Webex, and learn how to optimize your body and your metabolism.

Ketogenic BioHacking with Dr. Adam Nally
Date: Wednesday, August 24, 2016
Time: 6:00 pm, Mountain Time (Arizona, GMT-07:00)
Session Number: 801 629 053
Registration password: Ketones

——————————————————-
To register for this training session click here:
——————————————————-

PLEASE NOTE:  Registration for this even must be done on a computer.  Once registered, the WebEx Workshop can be viewed on a computer, iPhone or iPad with.

Once you are approved by the host, you will receive a confirmation email with instructions for joining the session.

To view in other time zones or languages, please click the link here.

Calculating Protein Needs for Your Ideal Body Weight

Too much protein, too little protein?  How do you know how much protein to eat?  This has become a very confusion question for many of my patients in recent years.  There a a large amount of “mis-information” in the ketogenic world about the effect of protein of gaining and losing fat.

YouTube player

For the person exercising 5-6 days a week, 1 gram of protein per pound of ideal body weight is the formula that works quite well.  However, for the average Joe or Mary who doesn’t work out for an hour a day 5 days a week, I’ve provided the calculation below.  This calculation is a baseline starting point.  It is the basic amount of needed protein to maintain muscle on a ketogenic or carnivorous diet:

Ideal Body Weight (IBW) is based on your height:
Males: Protein in g/day of IBW = 50 g (for the first 5 feet of height) + 2.3 g for each inch over 5 feet.  Then multiply the number you found by 1.2 (multiplier for sedentary male). [This lets you calculate the average male needs  that are approximately 1.2 g of protein per kg of ideal body weight (IBW) per day.]
Females: Protein in kg/day of IBW = 45.5 g (for the first 5 feet of height) + 2.3 g for each inch over 5 feet.  (This lets you calculate the average female needs 1.0 g per kg of ideal body weight per day.)
Example:
A 6 foot male’s protein calculation for IBW would be 50 g of protein (for the first 5 feet )+ 27.6 g (2.3 g x 12 inches) = 77.6 g x 1.2 = 93.2 g.
A 5 foot 4 inch females protein calculation for IBW would be 45.5 g (for the first 5 feet) + 9.2 g (2.3 g x 4 inches) = 54.7 g.
If you are exercising more than 60 minutes 5 days per week then the values above should be multiplied by 1.4 grams per kg for females and 1.6 grams per kg for males.
Heavy Exerciser Protein Calculation Example:
6 foot male’s base protein needs: 77.6 g per day (IBW calculated number before using the multiplier).  
77.6 g x 1.6 = 124.5 g max
5′ 4″ female’s base protein needs: 54.7. g per day
54.7 g x 1.4 = 76.6 grams per day max
If you eat three times per day, then simply divide your protein needed for you IBW by 3 to get the maximum protein you need per meal.
I hope that helps.

 

KetoTalk: Episode 27 -Mailbox Blitz, Low Energy, Headache, Stomach-Ache, Breast-Feeding While On Keto

Mailbox desert

Listen in today as Jimmy and Adam blaze through a bunch of listener questions in Episode 27 of KetoTalk with Jimmy and the Doc!

GetAdaptBars

KEY QUOTE: “Children are born in ketosis, so ketones are perfect for babies. The level of fat in breast-milk is essential for them to maintain their health and their growth.” — Dr. Adam Nally

Here’s are the 12 questions Jimmy and Adam answered in this special Keto Talk Mailbox Blitz extended podcast today:

– Testimonial from someone who learned his lesson why it’s important to stay ketogenic all the time
– Three-decade study confirms saturated fats are bad for health
– Is increased testosterone from a ketogenic diet a bad thing for women?
– Why am I still struggling with low energy and low ketones after months of being in ketosis?
– Can being in nutritional ketosis above 1.0 mmol cause painful headaches?
– Do artificial sweeteners and stevia raise insulin?
– Is my ketogenic diet causing me to cramp up before and during my half marathon racing?
– Is MCT oil a better fat to use on a ketogenic diet than other fats like coconut oil, cream, or butter?
– Why do I have a constant stomachache while I’m on a ketogenic diet?
– Do you have to be in ketosis to burn fat?
– Does being in ketosis lead to daily spotting and extended periods?
– Are ketones in my baby’s breastmilk safe for her to consume? And why did my milk supply drop when I went keto?
– What is the impact of the supplement creatine on ketones, blood sugar, and insulin levels?
– Can I ease into ketosis as a way to avoid the dreaded “keto flu?”

KEY QUOTE: “If you’re not feeling energy after that adaptation period of 2-4 weeks at the very most, then you’re doing something wrong. Let that be your wakeup call to change something.” — Jimmy Moore

KetonesKETOOS

Listen in here at KetoTalk.com or you can download the episode for free on iTunes.

How Fat Lowers Your Blood Pressure

Hypertension (elevated blood pressure) is one of the triad symptoms of metabolic syndrome.  Most of the hypertension that I see clinically is driven by insulin resistance as Blood Pressure Surprisethe underlying cause.  I see this problem in a very large majority of the people in my office and I am seeing people younger and younger show up with continually increasing blood pressure.
In medical school, we were taught to treat “borderline” or “slightly elevated blood pressure,” through “lifestyle changes” which was another way of saying exercise, caloric restriction  & hold the salt.  But most physicians today will tell you that exercise, salt & caloric restriction doesn’t work.  When asked why the 34 year old male in my office suddenly has elevated blood pressure, the only explanation we had was it is a “genetic problem,” or “blood pressure naturally goes up as we get older,” or “you’ve been eating too much salt,” and they are started on blood pressure medication and sent on their way. But, as time went on, I found that I had to keep adding more and more blood pressure medication to control the continually rising blood pressure of the patients in my practice.

Most of these people will have a progressive elevation in blood pressure over time, and these blood pressure (anti-hypertensive) medications are/were continually raised until the person is on four or five different blood pressure pills at maximal doses.  Again, when questioned why, their genetics are blamed and that is the end of it.  Or is it?!Time Changes Everything

What shocked me was that when I took patients off of salt & caloric restriction, and placed them on low carbohydrate high fat diets (and yes, I gave them back their salt), their blood pressure normalized. I noticed that as their fasting insulin levels began to fall, their blood pressure began to return to normal.

What?!  Blood pressure rise is caused by insulin?!

Ummm . . . Yes!

I am a prime example.  During the first few years of my medical practice and reserve military service, we had routine vitals checkups. I was working out 3-5 days a week with weights and running 3-5 miles 2-3 times a week and restricting my calories to 1500 per day.  So, I thought I was in pretty good shape.  However, it was not uncommon for for the nurse to raise her eyebrows at my blood pressure readings in the 140-160 systolic and 85-98 range diastolic.  “Oh, it’s the lack of sleep last night,” or “it’s the caffeine I had this morning,” would be my excuse.  But I was making a lot of excuses, and in light of those excuses, my caloric restriction, exercise and salt restriction, I was also still gaining weight.

Nally 1998 Expanding Waist

 

By the 5th year of my medical practice, I weighed 60 lbs heavier than I do today and I struggled to keep my blood pressure under 150/95.  I was violating my own counsel . . . don’t trust a fat doctor for nutritional advise. (Or, was that advise from Dr.House?)

Nally 2016
A much slimmer, healthier and happier Dr. Nally (center) in 2016

After cutting out the carbohydrates (I’ve kept my carbohydrate intake < 20 grams per day), moderating my protein intake and eating all the fat I am hungry for each day, my recent physical examination at the beginning of June 2016 revealed my blood pressure at 112/64.  I don’t remember ever having blood pressure that low. And to be honest, I didn’t sleep well the night before my exam due to a number of middle of the night patient calls.

Loegolas Blood Pressure

When I first started treating the insulin resistance problem in the human, rather than the blood pressure problem, I began to see immediate reductions in blood pressure within one to two weeks.  So much of a reduction that if I didn’t warn the patient that they should Himalayan Saltbegin to back down their blood pressure medications, they would experience symptoms of dizziness, light-headedness, headache and a few patient’s nearly passing out.   On a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (ketogenic) diet you need salt (sodium, potassium, & magnesium).
The process of burning fat as fuel causes you to lose increased amounts of sodium & potassium, and you have to replace these electrolytes.  A number of my patients begin a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and are afraid of increasing their salt intake.  Not replacing these electrolytes while on a ketogenic diet can also lead to low blood pressure, dehydrate and dizziness.

 

I often wondered why applying a ketogenic diet had such a profound effect on blood pressure so quickly.  Dr. Robert Lustig helped answer that question for me.

In order to understand how the Standard American Diet (we call it the SAD diet in my office) raises your blood pressure, it is important to understand how the body processes the basic sugar molecule.  Sugar is one glucose molecule bound to a fructose molecule.  This is broken down in the body and 20% of the glucose is metabolized in the liver, the other 80% is sent on to be used as fuel throughout the body. Fructose, however, is where the problems arise.  100% of the fructose is metabolized in the liver, and the by product of fructose metabolism is increasing the liver’s production of MORE glucose and the byproduct of uric acid. Uric acid is produced and this inhibits the production of nitric oxide. The diminished nitric oxide in the presence of an increased level of glucose (stimulating increased insulin production due to eating starches) constricts the blood vessels and raises blood pressure.   Yes, that donut you just ate raised your blood pressure for the next 12 hours. GetAdaptBars

The mechanism that fructose containing carbohydrates, sugars and starches raise blood pressure, cholesterol and cause weight gain can be seen in the really complex diagram found in Dr. Lustig’s 2010 article:

Metabolism of Fructose

 

So, how do you lower your blood pressure through diet?

First, cut out all the simple sugars. These include anything with table sugar, high fructose corn syrup and corn syrup.  (This is why people with any change in diet see some improvement in weight and blood pressure as they remove the simple sugars like candy, sugared drinks and pastries from their diet.)

Second, limit your overall intake of other sources of carbohydrates including any type of bread, rice, pasta, tortilla, potato, corn and carrots.  Realize that carbohydrate in fruit is fructose, and when taken with other forms of glucose can have the same effect as table sugar – it can and will raise your blood pressure, as well as halt or cause weight gain.

Third, if you are taking blood pressure medications for hypertension, see your doctor about close monitoring of your blood pressure as it can and will drop within 2-4 weeks of making these dietary changes.

Maintaining ketosis is really important for weight loss and blood pressure or hypertension control. I am very much an advocate of using real food for this process, but I have also found that the use of exogenous ketone salts aid significantly in maintaining ketosis.  I have found that exogenous ketones are the next step in bridging the difficulty of day to day maintenance of ketosis.

It isn’t making the mistakes that’s critical; it’s correcting them and getting on with the task that’s important.  If you’ve been calorie restricting and exercising to lower you blood pressure, don’t fret.  A simple change in your diet focused on restricting starches and carbohydrates has been demonstrated in my office to be more powerful than many of the blood pressure medications we’ve used for years.

Learn how to get started on a low carbohydrate, high fat (ketogenic) diet here.  You can also read about the basic principles in my recent articles  The Principle Based Ketogenic Lifestyle – Part I and Ketogenic Principles – Part II.

Why Ketosis is the Best Gift A Father Can Get for Father's Day

I’m sitting here at my home-office desk, on this beautifully hot 118° Arizona afternoon, eating this luscious piece of ketogenic Key-Lime & Blue-Berry Cheese Cake that my wife made for Father’s Day . . . pondering all the reasons ketosis has been a blessing in my life, specifically as a father.  As I sit, reason after reason popped into my mind.

KeyLimeBlueBerryCheeseCake
Tiffini’s Luscious Low-Carb Key-Lime & Blue-Berry Cheese Cake

“Hmmm, I should share these . . . Why aren’t you sharing them?” I mused.  So, with the the sweet tart of blue-berry on my palate and with a wipe of whipped cream from the corner of my lip, my fingers begin to click away on the keyboard.

What makes a person a father?

Testosterone

Well, first, . . . Testosterone. I know. Leave it to a man to start with testosterone, but in the big picture, a man really isn’t a man if he doesn’t have a little extra testosterone, right?  I mean, it was during the 5th week of embryonic development that my Y chromosome began signaling the differentiation of male fetal growth in-utero.  And like every male, that same hormone testosterone continues to differentiate me from the human female counterpart throughout life.

Low testosterone has become a significant issue.  20-30% of the men in my practice suffer from some degree of suppression in testosterone when they first present in my office.   In fact, you can’t watch late night TV any longer without being asked the question about low testosterone (Low ‘T’).

We know that the primary nutrient shown to affect testosterone to the greatest extent is fat. Studies reveal that diets low in fat are associated with lower testosterone compared to diets high in fat (1, 2).  That begs the question, has 50 years of low fat diets made us less manly?

 

Symbolsofmanhood

When did this become acceptable?  And, does our diet of low fat have anything to do with it?  I actually think it plays a role.

Menthenandnow2

Testosterone is essential in providing energy, muscle mass & growth and actually keeping the waistline down. Adequate testosterone is one of the key components allowing the man to fill the father’s rolls of protector and provider, and if your diet doesn’t help stimulate its production, your less inclined to perform well in areas requiring its presence.  That means that the bacon and eggs you crave in the morning lends toward your manliness, and the bagel and orange juice may be a little feminizing.

Fathers Need Muscles

Second, father’s need muscles for all sorts of important things.  It’s often Dad who carries the child on his shoulders, or lifts you above his head.  It takes muscles for that.

father_child

We talked about the importance of testosterone in muscle development.  That that’s not all.  Many fathers can provide for their families specifically because of their ability to use that muscle.  That’s not saying women can’t use muscle, too.  I’m saying that a number of jobs that make our country function that require fitness, strength and muscle, like police, firefighters, construction, life-guards & delivery drivers.  These jobs require muscle.

Fathersdaybabycarry

We now know that ketones, the primary fuel in a ketogenic diet, restrain muscle breakdown by decreasing leucine oxidation and preserving muscle mass (3).   So, yes, visiting the donut shop actually does make you less manly by allowing the more rapid degradation of your muscles.

“Wasn’t it my muscles that first got your attention when we met and got this whole father thing started in the first place, honey?” I asked my wife in the kitchen.

“What?! No . . .” she responded.

“Oh, . . . never mind.”

Energy

Whether you have great muscles or not, you need energy for the muscles you have to fill your role as a father.  Work requires energy.  As fat is increasingly used as fuel instead of sugar, the liver breaks it down and produces ketone bodies, or ketones.  The liver itself, doesn’t use the ketones, so they are taken up by the muscles and brain for fuel.  Increased energy, mental clarity and suppression of inflammation are the key findings that are noticed while using fat as your primary fuel.  What father couldn’t us a little more of that?

KetoOSPacks

In fact, several studies report that fathers have the biggest impact on the overall fitness and on the overall weight of their children. It was found that the father’s, not the mother’s, total and percentage body fat was the best predictor of whether or not the couple’s daughters gained weight as they got older (4).  All the more reason to keep your waistline under control, Dad.

Another fascinating study showed fathers’ (again, not the mothers’) body mass index is directly related to a child’s activity level (5).

Energy and muscle is essential for “rough housing” and there is science to prove that “rough housing” makes your kids awesome!  Psychologist Anthony Pellegrini, in the book The Art of Roughhousing, has found that the amount of roughhousing children engage in predicts their achievement in first grade better than their kindergarten test scores do. What is it about rough and tumble play that makes kids smarter? Well, a couple things.

roughhousing1

Roughhousing makes your kids more resilient and resilience is a key in developing children’s intelligence. Resilient kids tend to see failure more as a challenge to overcome rather than an event that defines them.  Intellectual resilience that comes from energetic fathers helps ensure your children bounce back from bad grades and gives them the grit to keep trying until they’ve mastered a topic.

Intelligence for You and Your Family

Neuroscientists studying animal and human brains have found that bouts of rough-and-tumble play increase the brain’s level of a chemical called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF helps increase neuron growth in the parts of the brain responsible for memory, logic, social intelligence and higher learning–skills necessary for academic success.  We,also, now know that the brain that uses fat, or ketones, as it’s primary fuel recovers from injury and makes BDNF more effectively (6,7).

That rib-eye with steak butter your kids gave you for dinner is actually making you and them smarter and more resilient.

Overall Happiness

The Harvard Grant Study completed in 1934, the longest longitudinal study ever done on the lives of men, found that a man’s father influenced his life in multiple ways exclusive to his relationship with his mother. Loving fathers imparted to their sons:

  • Enhanced capacity to play
  • Greater enjoyment of vacations
  • Increased likelihood of being able to use humor as a healthy coping mechanism
  • Better adjustment to, and contentment with, life after retirement
  • Less anxiety and fewer physical and mental symptoms under stress in young adulthood

It should be noted that “it was not the men with poor mothering but the ones with poor fathering who were significantly more likely to have poor marriages over their lifetimes.” Men who lacked a positive relationship with their fathers were also “much more likely to call themselves pessimists and to report having trouble letting others get close” (8).

You, as a father, matter.  And, being in ketosis makes you an even better father! Seriously.

 

J Nally &amp; Robert Nally

When all is said and done, a man’s relationship with his father very significantly predicted his overall life satisfaction at age 75 — “a variable not even suggestively associated with the maternal relationship” (8).

So, back to my key-lime blue-berry cheese cake, my wife just made me a better husband and father.  Thanks, Dear!!

References:

  1. Hamalainen, E., H. Aldercreutz, P. Puska, and P. Pietinen. Diet and serum sex hormones in healthy men. J. Steroid Biochem. 20:459-464, 1984.
  2. Reed, M.J., R.W. Cheng, M. Simmonds, W. Richmond, and V.H.T. James. Dietary Lipids: an additional regulator of plasma levels of sex hormone binding globulin. J. Clin. Endocrin. Metab. 64:1083-1085, 1987.
  3. Nair KS, Welle SL, Halliday D, Cambell RG. Effect of β-hydroxybutyrate on whole-body leucine kinetics and fractional mixed skeletal muscle protein synthesis in humans. J Clin Invest. 1988;82:198–205.
  4. Figueroa-Colon R, Arani RB, Goran MI, Weinsier RL.  Paternal body fat is a longitudinal predictor of changes in body fat in premenarcheal girls. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Mar;71(3):829-34.

  5. Finn, Kevin et al. Factors associated with physical activity in preschool children. J of Ped., Vol 140, Issue 1, 81-85

  6. Vizuete AF1, de Souza DF, Guerra MC, Batassini C, Dutra MF, Bernardi C, Costa AP, Gonçalves CA. Brain changes in BDNF and S100B induced by ketogenic diets in Wistar rats.  Life Sci. 2013 May 20;92(17-19):923-8.

  7. Masino SA, Rho JM.  Mechanisms of Ketogenic Diet Action.  Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies [Internet]. 4th edition. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2012.
  8. Valliant GE. Triumphs of Excellence: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study. 1934

 

Adapt Bars

KetoTalk From the Caribbean Sea

AllureOfTheSeas

Dr. Nally recently spoke about Low-Carbohydrate/Ketogenic Diets on the 2016 Low Carb Cruise to the Eastern Caribbean.  While there, he and Jimmy Moore recorded another episode of KetoTalk with Jimmy and the Doc.

Listen in to KetoTalk Episode 20: A LIVE Q&A Session From The 2016 Low-Carb Cruise

Here’s what Jimmy and Dr. Nally talked about in Episode 20:
– We are in front of a LIVE audience of Ketonians
– How long will you experience hair loss when you go ketogenic?
– What role does resistant starch have on the keto diet?
– Is eating high-fat with high-carb harming my boyfriend?
– How does intermittent fasting help with keto?
– Whether to count total vs. net carbohydrates
– Whether you need to cycle carbs when building muscle
– What the best way to test your ketones is
– How to test blood ketones on a budget
– What the difference is between an NMR and basic lipid panel
– The dramatic changes in your cholesterol when going keto
– How long should you be on keto before running blood tests?
– Whether you should cut fat lower on keto to speed up weight loss
– Is having a lower body temperature a bad thing when eating keto?

You can listen at the iTunes page here, or download it for free to your favorite iTunes player.

Too Much Fat on a Ketogenic Diet?

bacon eggsIf you are interested in the low-carb, moderate protein, high-fat, ketogenic diet, then this is the podcast for you. We zero in exclusively on all the questions people have about how being in a state of nutritional ketosis and the effects it has on your health. There are a lot of myths about keto floating around out there and our two amazing cohosts are shooting them down one at a time. Keto Talk is cohosted by 10-year veteran health podcaster and international bestselling author Jimmy Moore from “Livin’ La Vida Low-Carb” and Arizona physican and certified bariatric physician Dr. Adam Nally from “Doc Muscles” who thoroughly share from their wealth of experience on the ketogenic lifestyle each and every Thursday. We love hearing from our fabulous Ketonian listeners with new questions–send an email to Jimmy at livinlowcarbman@charter.net. And if you’re not already subscribed to the podcast on iTunes and listened to the past episodes, then you can do that and leave a review HERE. Listen in today as Jimmy and Adam answer more engaging questions about nutritional ketosis from you the listeners today in Episode 17!

KetoTalk Banner

KetoOS
KetoOS – Drinkable Exogenous Ketones

The Ketogenic Diet & Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease caused by demyelination or breakdown of the myelin coating around the nerve cells (1).   This is referred to as a neurodegeneration where the physical structure of the nerve is compromised, much like the coating around an electrical wire being chipped or stripped away. Common symptoms of MS are sensory symptoms in the extremities or face, unilateral visual loss, acute or subacute motor weakness of the muslces, diplopia (double vision), gait disturbance and balance problems, Lhermitte sign (electric shock-like sensations that run down the back and/or limbs upon flexion of the neck), vertigo, bladder problems, loss of control of a limb,  and pain.

 

Effects of Ketosis on Multiple Sclerosis

Initially, and for many years, the degeneration seen in multiple sclerosis (MS) was thought to occur because of an acute inflammatory attack on the cells by dis-regulated immune cells crossing the blood brain barrier.  However, treatments focused on modulating the inflammatory attack seem to have no effect on the degeneration and demyelination.  Thus, the actual definitive cause of this demyelination and neuro-degeneration has eluded us since 1868, when Jean-Martin Charcot first described it.

Recent studies point to evidence that this demyelation may be due to degeneration or breakdown of the nerve cell’s ability to use glucose as a primary fuel (2, 3).  It is now theorized that MS may be due to a combination of degeneration and localized inflammation related to poor glucose uptake causing the demyelination which is seen in a number of MS cases (4, 5, 6).

Demyelination of Nerve
A. Normal nerve cell with intact myelin sheath around the axon. B. Demyelinated axion nerve losing its ionic charge due to escape of potassium. C. Radio-labled tracer allowing visualization of demyelination on PET Scan

With this dual concept in mind, ketogenic diets have demonstrated some promising results when used with neurological diseases including MS.  Ketogenic diets have been used in the treatment of epilepsy since 500 B.C. and in the treatment of obesity since 1860.  It is now becoming apparent that ketogenic diets may play a very significant role in the treatment of neurological disease because of two-fold effects that arise when ketones become the primary fuel for the body.

First, when a person becomes keto-adapted and ketones are used as the primary fuel, instead of glucose, the body up-regulates mitochondria to use the ketones for fuel. As the ketone level rises,  the need for glucose diminishes.   This provides the nerve cell an alternative fuel source if glucose metabolism is impaired. It also decreases the need and production of insulin, a known hormone heavily involved in stimulating inflammation and inflammatory responses.

The second effect of a ketogenic diet is this favorable effect on inflammation.  It has been demonstrated that a ketogenic diet decreases reactive oxygen species, increased production of superoxide dismutase and catalayse, all of which notably decrease the inflammatory effects of oxidative stress (9,10, 11).  A ketogenic diet also is well known to raise glutithione levels, another anti-oxidant that decreases inflammation and oxidative stress (12-16).  This same anti-inflammatory and keto-adaptation effect can be obtained from intermittent fasting.

To date, studies in patients with neurologic diseases like MS, Alzheimer’s disease using ketogenic diets have had positive results in memory, cognition and diminished inflammation with evidence of halting or reversing the chronic demyelination (17,18, 19).  Still somewhat theoretical, the evidence points to effective dietary treatment and prevention for multiple sclerosis and other degenerative neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s Disease.

KetoOS

References:

  1. J. M. Pearce, “Historical descriptions of multiple sclerosis,” European Neurology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 49–53, 2005.
  2. C.-A. Castellano, S. Nugent, N. Paquet et al., “Lower brain 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake but normal 11C-acetoacetate metabolism in mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia,” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 1343–1353, 2014.
  3. S. Nugent, S. Tremblay, K. W. Chen et al., “Brain glucose and acetoacetate metabolism: a comparison of young and older adults,” Neurobiology of Aging, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1386–1395, 2014.
  4. H. Lassmann, W. Brück, and C. F. Lucchinetti, “The immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: an overview,” Brain Pathology, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 210–218, 2007.
  5. C. Confavreux and S. Vukusic, “Natural history of multiple sclerosis: a unifying concept,” Brain, vol. 129, no. 3, pp. 606–616, 2006.
  6. P. K. Stys, G. W. Zamponi, J. van Minnen, and J. J. G. Geurts, “Will the real multiple sclerosis please stand up?” Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 507–514, 2012.
  7. P. G. Nijland, I. Michailidou, M. E. Witte et al., “Cellular distribution of glucose and monocarboxylate transporters in human brain white matter and multiple sclerosis lesions,” Glia, vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 1125–1141, 2014.
  8. L. C. Costantini, L. J. Barr, J. L. Vogel, and S. T. Henderson, “Hypometabolism as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease,” BMC Neuroscience, vol. 9, supplement 2, article S16, 2008.
  9. P. G. Sullivan, J. E. Springer, E. D. Hall, and S. W. Scheff, “Mitochondrial uncoupling as a therapeutic target following neuronal injury,” Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 353–356, 2004.
  10. P. G. Sullivan, N. A. Rippy, K. Dorenbos, R. C. Concepcion, A. K. Agarwal, and J. M. Rho, “The ketogenic diet increases mitochondrial uncoupling protein levels and activity,” Annals of Neurology, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 576–580, 2004.
  11. T. Shimazu, M. D. Hirschey, J. Newman et al., “Suppression of oxidative stress by β-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous histone deacetylase inhibitor,” Science, vol. 339, no. 6116, pp. 211–214, 2013.
  12. S. G. Jarrett, J. B. Milder, L.-P. Liang, and M. Patel, “The ketogenic diet increases mitochondrial glutathione levels,” Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 1044–1051, 2008.
  13. J. B. Milder, L.-P. Liang, and M. Patel, “Acute oxidative stress and systemic Nrf2 activation by the ketogenic diet,” Neurobiology of Disease, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 238–244, 2010.
  14. N. Dupuis, N. Curatolo, J. F. Benoist, and S. Auvin, “Ketogenic diet exhibits anti-inflammatory properties,” Epilepsia, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. e95–e98, 2015.
  15. D. Y. Kim, J. Hao, R. Liu, G. Turner, F.-D. Shi, and J. M. Rho, “Inflammation-mediated memory dysfunction and effects of a ketogenic diet in a murine model of multiple sclerosis,” PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 5, Article ID e35476, 2012.
  16. Y.-H. Youm, K. Y. Nguyen, R. W. Grant et al., “The ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome—mediated inflammatory disease,” Nature Medicine, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 263–269, 2015.
  17. A. Ramm-Pettersen, K. O. Nakken, I. M. Skogseid et al., “Good outcome in patients with early dietary treatment of GLUT-1 deficiency syndrome: results from a retrospective Norwegian study,”Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 440–447, 2013.
  18. Y. Ito, H. Oguni, S. Ito, M. Oguni, and M. Osawa, “A modified Atkins diet is promising as a treatment for glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome,” Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 658–663, 2011.
  19. M. Storoni and GT Plant, “The Therapeutic Potential of the Ketogenic Diet in Treating Progressive Multiple Sclerosis,” Multiple Sclerosis International, vol. 2015, Article ID 681289, 9 pages, 2015.

What Are Your Biggest Weight Loss Struggles?

Join Dr. Nally on this evening’s Periscope as we talk about your biggest weight loss struggles in rapid fire style.  We cover topics this evening from the effects of cheating on a ketogenic diet to how to overcome a weight loss stall . . . join us to hear the whole conversation.

Does Jung & Myers-Briggs Typology Effect Obesity?

Sitting around the dinner table this evening we began discussing personality types.  As a fun exercise, we each took the Jung Typology Test based on Jung and Myers-Briggs findings about personality.   If you haven’t taken this personality test, you might find it quite interesting and the topic of hours of conversation around the dinner table  . . . as we did this evening. The test is free on-line and takes about 10 minutes.

jung
Carl Gustav Jung – Swiss Psychiatrist & Psychotherapist

The actual Myers-Briggs Type Indicator costs about $50.00 and includes an interpretation by someone trained in giving the test. It differs slightly in its questions and the way the testing is interpreted.

Both tests provide an interesting insight into your individual psychological preferences regarding four categories.  According to Carl G. Jung’s theory of psychological types published in 1971, people can be characterized, first, by their preference or general attitude about the source of and how they express their energy:

  • Extraverted (E) vs. Introverted (I)

The second preference is one of the two functions of perception, or related to how they perceive information coming from either the external or internal world:

  • Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N)

and the third preference relates to how one processes the information that they have received, acting as one of the two functions of thought or judgement:

  • Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F)

Isabel Briggs Myers, a researcher and practitioner of Jung’s theory, proposed that the fourth preference related to how one applies or implements the information that he or she processed above.  She proposed a judging-perceiving relationship as the fourth dichotomy influencing personality type in 1980:

  • Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P)

Each of these dichotomies represents an opposite pole of preference and each of us have a dominant pole toward which we gravitate.

Based upon your dominant traits, a personality type index is assigned.

PersonalityChart

Kim and Lee studied these personality preferences and how they relate to diet, health and propensity toward obesity.  Their findings were interesting in that expression, perception and judgement did not seem to have any bearing on  health or obesity. However, the application of judgement vs perception did play a role in health. Judging (J) means that a person organizes all of his or her life events and, as a rule, sticks to those plans. Perceiving (P) means that he or she is inclined to improvise and explore alternative options.

Significantly better dietary and health behaviors were identified in those preferring Judging (J) versus those preferring Perceiving (P) traits.  Those preferring the Judging (J) behaviors included eating breakfast, regularly eating three meals a day, smoking less, exercising more and having a lower tendency to nocturnal eating.

The findings show that the use of  Jung Type or Myers-Briggs Type Indicator may be helpful in identifying and index those with a Perceiving (P) trait that would benefit from dietary and exercise education, nutritional counseling and/or behavior modification programs.

It has been my experience that those with a “P” type dichotomy preference would benefit greatly from daily food planning and journaling.

So, what is your Jung/Myers-Briggs type?

Just for fun, and because my kids were very curious about what each personality type would appear as in character, I’ve included the Jung/Myers-Briggs Disney typing.

I’m an ENFJ, just in case you’re curious.

Disney Character Personality Types

References:

  1. Jung, C. G. (1971). Psychological types (Collected works of C. G. Jung, volume 6, Chapter X)
  2. Briggs Myers, I. (1980, 1995) Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type
  3. Kim BS, Lee YE. College Students’ Dietary and Health Behaviors related to Their Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality Preferences. Korean J Community Nutr. 2002 Feb;7(1):32-44. Korean.

 

Why the Calorie is NOT King

Today in the office I had the calorie conversation again . . . three times.  We have an entire society with a very influential health and fitness industry built around the almighty calorie.  Has it helped? Looking at our 5 year obesity outcomes.  It hasn’t helped a bit.  In fact, it is worse.  In 1985 only 19% of U.S. adults were obese.

Obesity 2011
U.S. Obesity Adult 2011

Obesity 2014
U.S. Adult Obesity 2014

In 2014, 34.5% of U.S. adults were obese.  The numbers this year are approaching 35.6%   You can see the dramatic increase in obesity by 1-3% every year for the last 5 years in the CDC images above.

For over 50 years we have been told that caloric restriction and fat restriction is the solution.  But by the numbers above, the 58 million people in the U.S. utilize a gym or health club to burn off those calories aren’t seeing the success that they should be expecting.

Why?  Because the calorie is NOT king.  What do I mean by that?  We don’t gain weight because of the thermogenic dogma we’ve been taught for the last 50 years.  Our weight gain is driven by a hormone response to food.   Hear more about why the calorie is NOT king on tonight’s PeriScope.  You can Katch it here with all the live stream comments and hearts at Katch.me/docmuscles.

Or you can watch the video without the comments here:

Caffeine . . . Weight Loss Wonder Boy or Sneaky Scoundrel?

I’ve been looking for the answer for quite some time. . . what role does caffeine play in your and my weight management journey?  The answer gave me a headache. . . literally and figuratively.

As many of you, including my office staff, know, I love my Diet Dr. Pepper (and my bacon).  I found that being able to sip on a little soda throughout the day significantly helped the carbohydrate cravings and munchies during a busy and stressful day at the office.   Diet Dr. Pepper contains caffeine, however, I wasn’t really worried.  Caffeine has been well know to have a thermogenic effect which increases your metabolism and has been thought for many years to help with weight loss among the weight loss community.

Diet Dr. Pepper is, also, one of only four diet sodas on the grocery store shelves that doesn’t contain acesulfame potassium (click here to see why most artificial sweeteners cause weight gain).  The four diet sodas that I have been comfortable with my patients using are Diet Dr. Pepper, Diet Coke, Diet Mug Root-beer and Diet A&W Cream Soda.  These are the last four hold out diet sodas that still use NutraSweet (aspartame) as the sweetener.  Most of the soda companies have switched the sweetener in their diet sodas to the insulinogenic acesulfame potassium because it tastes more natural and aspartame has been given a media black eye of late.  However, NutraSweet (aspartame) is the only sweetener that doesn’t spike your insulin or raise blood sugar (click here to find out why that is important).

Yes, I know.  The ingestion of 600 times the approved amount of aspartame causes blindness in lab rats (but we’re not lab rats, and . . . have you ever met someone that drinks 600 Diet Dr. Peppers in a day?  The lethal dose of bananas, which are high in potassium that will stop your heart, is 400).  Aspartame can also exacerbate headaches in some (about 5% of people) and I’ve had a few patients with amplified fibromyalgia symptoms when they use aspartame.   But for most of us, its a useful sweetener that doesn’t spike your insulin response, halting or causing weight gain.

But, over the last few years, I’ve noticed that increased amounts of Diet Dr. Pepper & Diet Coke seem to cause plateauing of weight and decreasing the ability to shift into ketosis, especially mine.  I’ve also noticed (in my personal n=1 experimentation) that my ability to fast after using caffeine regularly seems to be less tolerable, causing headaches and fatigue 8-10 hours into the fast, symptoms that don’t seem to let up until eating. Through the process of elimination, caffeine seems to be the culprit.

Red Bull in caffeineAfter mulling through the last 10 years of caffeine research, most of which were small studies, had mixed results, used coffee as the caffeine delivery system (coffee has over 50 trace minerals that has the potential to skew the results based on the brand) and never seemed to ask the right questions, the ink from a study in the August 2004 Diabetes Care Journal screamed for my attention.

It appears that caffeine actually stimulates a glucose and insulin response through a secondary mechanism.   The insulin surge and glucose response is dramatically amplified in patients who are insulin resistant.  Caffeine doesn’t effect glucose or insulin if taken while fasting; however, when taken with a meal, glucose responses are 21% higher than normal, and insulin responses are 48% higher in the insulin resistant patient. Caffeine seems to only effect the postprandial (2 hours after a meal) glucose and insulin levels.  The literature shows mixed responses in patients when caffeine is in coffee or tea, probably due to the effect of other organic compounds (1).

Caffeine Effect on glucose insulin
Caffeine effect on plasma glucose and plasma insulin compared to placebo (1).

Caffeine also diminishes insulin sensitivity and impairs glucose tolerance in normal and already insulin resistant and/or obese patients.  This is seen most prominently in patients with diabetes mellitus type II (stage IV insulin resistance).  Caffeine causes alterations in glucose homeostasis by decreasing glucose uptake into skeletal muscle, thereby causing elevations in blood glucose concentration and causing an insulin release (2-6).

Studies show that caffeine causes a five fold increase in epinephrine and a smaller, but significant, norepinephrine release.  The diminished insulin sensitivity and exaggerated insulin response appears to be mediated by a catacholamine (epinephrine, norepinephrine & dopamine)  induced stress response (5).  Caffeine has a half life of about 6 hours, that means the caffeine in your system could cause a catacholamine response for up to 72 hours depending upon the amount of caffeine you ingest (7).

The reason for my, and other patient’s, headaches and fatigue after a short fast was due to the exaggerated stress hormone response.  Increased levels of insulin were induced by a catacholamine cascade after caffeine ingestion with a meal, dramatically more amplified in a person like me with insulin resistance. The caffeine with the last meal cause hypoglycemia 5-7 hours into the fasting, leading to headaches and fatigue that are only alleviated by eating.

Even when not fasting, the caffeine induced catacholamine cascade causes up to 48% more insulin release with a meal, halting weight loss and in some cases, causing weight gain.

Caffeine is not the “Wonder-Boy” we thought it was.

How much caffeine will cause these symptoms? 50 mg or more per day can have these effects.

caffeine-content-of-popular-drinks

Ingestion of caffeine has the following effects:

  • 20-40 mg – increased mental clarity for 2-6 hours
  • 50-100 mg – decreased mental clarity, confusion, catacholamine response
  • 250-700 mg – anxiety, nervousness, hypertension & insomnia
  • 500 mg – relaxation of internal anal sphincter tone (yes . . . you begin to soil yourself)
  • 1000 mg – tachycardia, heart palpitations, insomnia, tinnitus, cognitive difficulty.
  • 10,000 mg (10 grams) – lethal dose (Yes, 25 cups of Starbucks Coffee can kill you)

The equivalent of 100 mg of in a human was given to a spider, you can see the very interesting effect on productivity.  How often does the productivity of the day feel like the image below?

Spider Normal
Normal Spider (9)

Spider Caffeine
Spider on caffeine (9)

Beware that caffeine is now being added to a number of skin care products including wrinkle creams and makeup.  Yes, caffeine is absorbed through the skin, so check the ingredients on your skin care products.

Diet Dr. Pepper, my caffeine delivery system of choice, has slightly less caffeine (39 mg per 12 oz can or 3.25 mg per oz) than regular Dr. Pepper.  I found myself drinking 2-3 liters of Diet Dr. Pepper per day (long 16-18 hour work days in the office).  After doing my research, I realized that my caffeine tolerance had built up to quite a significant level (230-350 grams per day).

So, a few weeks ago, I quit . . . cold turkey.

Did I mention the 15 withdrawal symptoms of caffeine? (8)

  • Headache – behind the eyes to the back of the head
  • Sleepiness – can’t keep your eyes open kind of sleepiness
  • Irritability – everyone around you thinks you’ve become a bear
  • Lethargy – feels like your wearing a 70 lb lead vest
  • Constipation – do I really need to explain this one?
  • Depression – you may actually feel like giving up on life
  • Muscle Pain, Stiffness, Cramping – feel like you were run over by a train
  • Lack of Concentration – don’t plan on studying, doing your taxes or performing brain surgery during this period
  • Flu Like Illness – sinus pressure and stuffiness that just won’t clear
  • Insomnia – you feel sleepy, but you can’t sleep
  • Nausea & Vomiting – You may loose your appetite
  • Anxiety – amplified panic attacks or feeling like the sky is falling
  • Brain Fog – can’t hold coherent thoughts or difficulty with common tasks
  • Dizziness – your sense of equilibrium may be off
  • Low Blood Pressure & Heart Palpitations – low pressure and abnormal heart rhythm

I experienced 13 of the 15 that lasted for 4 days.   I do not recommend quitting cold turkey unless you have a week off and someone to hold your hand, cook your meals and dose your Tylenol or Motrin.  My wife thought I was dying. . . I thought I was dying on day two.  I actually had a nightmare about buying and getting into my own coffin.  It can take up to three weeks to completely recover from caffeine withdrawal.

The other way to quit is to decrease your caffeine intake by 50 mg every two days.   That means decrease caffeine by:

  • 1 can of soda every two days
  • 1/4 cup of coffee every day
  • 1/2 can of Energy Drinks every two days
  • 1 cup of tea every two days

The benefit of this method is that withdrawal symptoms are much less severe without the caffeine headache and the ability to remain productive.  It will take longer, but quitting cold turkey is not a pretty picture.  Been there . . . done that, . . . and I’m not going back. I actually lost another half inch off my waistline by day 5 of caffeine discontinuation.

What is the take home message here?  If you have any degree of insulin resistance, caffeine makes it worse and will amplify your weight gain as well as decrease the productivity of your day.

References:

  1. Lane JD, Barkauskas CE Surwit RS, Feinglos MN, Caffeine Impairs Glucose Metabolism in Type II Diabetes, Diabetes Care August 2004 vol. 27 no. 8 2047-2048; doi:10.2337/diacare.27.8.204
  2. Jankelson OM, Beaser SB, Howard FM, Mayer J: Effect of coffee on glucose tolerance and circulating insulin in men with maturity-onset diabetes. Lancet 1527–529, 1967
  3. Graham TE, Sathasivam P, Rowland M, Marko N, Greer F, Battram D: Caffeine ingestion elevates plasma insulin response in humans during an oral glucose tolerance test. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 79:559–565, 2001
  4. Greer F, Hudson R, Ross R, Graham T: Caffeine ingestion decreases glucose disposal during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in sedentary humans.Diabetes 50:2349–2354, 2001
  5. Keijzers GB, De Galan BE, Tack CJ, Smits P: Caffeine can decrease insulin sensitivity in humans. Diabetes Care 25:364–369, 2002
  6. Petrie HJ, et al. Caffeine ingestion increases the insulin response to an oral-glucose-tolerance test in obese men before and after weight loss. American Society for Clinical Nutrition. 80:22-28, 2004
  7. Evans SM, Griffiths RR, Caffeine Withdrawal: A Parametric Analysis of Caffeine Dosing Conditions, JPET April 1, 1999 vol. 289no. 1 285-294
  8. Noever R, Cronise J, Relwani RA. Using spider-web patterns to determine toxicity. NASA Tech Briefs April 29,1995. 19(4):82. Published in New Scientist magazine, 29 April 1995

How Do You Know if You’re Insulin Resistant?

How do you know if you're insulin resistant? What questions need to be asked? What should your numbers be? And, many other great ketosis questions. Also, why does Dr. Nally look like he has dirt on his chin? See it here . . .

Read more

Adrenal Insufficiency, Adrenal Fatigue, PseudoCushing’s Syndrome – Oh My!

Adrenal Fatigue? Adrenal Insufficiency?  Cortisol? PseudoCushing’s Syndrome?  What do these terms mean and why are they all over the internet these days? And, what do they have to do with your weight loss?

This was our topic this evening on PeriScope.  Katch Dr. Nally speak about this topic with rolling comments at Katch.me/docmuscles.  Or you can watch the video below:

If you’re not sure about what this is, you’re not alone. I think I’ve heard the term “Adrenal Fatigue” at lease four times a day for the last three months.  If you ask your doctor, they’ll probably scratch their heads too.  The funny thing is that “Adrenal Fatigue” isn’t a real diagnosis, but it is all over the internet and it shows up in the titles of magazines in the grocery store every day.  There’s even and “Adrenal Fatigue For Dummies” so it must be real, right?!  Adrenal Fatigue for Dummies

No.  It isn’t a real diagnosis.  It is a conglomeration of symptoms including fatigue, difficulty getting out of bed in the morning, and “brain fog” that have been lumped together to sell an “adrenal supplement.” (Sorry, but that’s really what it is all about.)  Do a Google search and the first five or six sites describing adrenal fatigue claim the solution is taking their “special adrenal supplement.”

I know what you’re thinking, “Your just a main stream, Western Medicine doctor, Dr. Nally, you wouldn’t understand.”  Actually, I do understand.

Adrenal fatigue has risen in popularity as a “lay diagnosis” because many patients show up at their doctors office with significant symptoms that actually interfere with their ability to function, and after all the testing comes back negative for any significant illness, they are told that they are normal.  But the patient still has the symptoms and no answer or treatment has been offered.  It’s discouraging. . . very discouraging.

That’s because the symptoms are actually the body’s response to chronic long term stress.  Many of my patients, myself included, have found themselves “stuck” in their weight loss progression, feeling fatigued, struggling to face the day, with a number of symptoms including cold intolerance, memory decline, difficulty concentrating, depression, anxiety, dry skin, hair loss, and even infertility in some cases.  Is it poor functioning adrenal glands? No, your feeling this way because the adrenal glands are actually doing their job!!

If the adrenal glands weren’t working you’d experience darkening of the skin, weight loss, gastric distress, significant weakness, anorexia, low blood pressure, and low blood sugar.  The symptoms are actually called Addison’s disease and it is actually fairly rare (1 in 100,000 chance to be exact).  So what is causing the symptoms you ask?

There are a number of reasons, but one that I am seeing more and more frequently is “Pseudo-Cushings’s Syndrome.Pseudo-Cushing’s Syndrome is a physiologic hypercortisolism (over production of cortisol) that can be caused by five common issues:

  1. Chronic Physical Stress
  2. Severe Bacterial or Fungal Infections that Go Untreated
  3. Malnutrition or Intense Chronic Exercise
  4. Psychological Stress – including untreated or under-treated depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, or dysthymia (chronic melancholy)
  5. Alcoholism

The psychiatric literature suggest that up to 80% of people with depressive disorders have increased cortisol secretion (1,2,3).  HPA Stress responsePeople with significant stressors in their life have been show to have an increased corsiol secretion. Chronic stress induces hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis causing a daily, cyclic over production of cortisol and then normalization of cortisol after resolution of the stressor.  This cortisol response is not high enough to lead to a true Cushing’s Syndrome, but has the effect of the symptoms listed above and begins with limiting ones ability to loose weight.

I’m convinced that this is becoming more and more prevalent due to the high paced, high-stress, always on, plugged in, 24 hour information overload lives we live.

What is cortisol? It is a steroid hormone made naturally in the body by the adrenal cortex (outer portion of the adrenal gland). Cortisol is normally stimulated by a number of daily activities including fasting, awakening from sleep, exercise, and normal stresses upon the body. Cortisol release into the blood stream is highest in the morning, helping to wake us up, and tapers into the afternoon. Cortisol plays a very important role in helping our bodies to regulate the correct type (carbohydrate, fat, or protein) and amount of fuel to meet the bodies physiologic demands that are placed upon it at a given time (4,5,6).

HPAThyroidUnder a stress response, cortisol turns on gluconeogensis in the liver (the conversion of amino acids or proteins into glucose) for fuel. Cortisol, also, shifts the storage of fats into the deeper abdominal tissues (by stimulating insulin production) and turns on the maturation process of adipocytes (it makes your fat cells age – nothing like having old fat cells, right?!)  In the process, cortisol suppresses the immune system through an inhibitory effect designed to decrease inflammation during times of stress (7,8,9).  If this was only occurring once in a while, this cascade of hormones acts as an important process.  However, when cortisol production is chronically turned up, it leads to abnormal deposition of fat (weight gain), increased risk of infection, impotence, abnormal blood sugars, brain fog, head
aches, hypertension, depression, anxiety, hair loss, dry skin and ankle edema, to name a few.

The chronic elevation in cortisol directly stimulates increased insulin formation by increasing the production of glucose in the body, and cortisol actually blunts or block-aids the thyroid function axis. Both of these actions halt the ability to loose weight, and drive weight gain.
Cortisol also increases appetite (10).  That’s why many people get significant food cravings when they are under stress (“stress eaters”). Cortisol also indirectly affects the other neuro-hormones of the brain including CRH (corticotrophin releasing hormone), leptin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY). High levels of NPY and CRH and reduced levels of leptin have also been shown to stimulate appetite and cause weight gain (10-11).

How do you test for Pseudo-Cushing’s Syndrome?  

Testing can be done by your doctor with a simple morning blood test for cortisol. If your cortisol is found to be elevated, it needs to be repeated with an additional 24 hour urine cortisol measurement to confirm the diagnosis. If Cushing’s Syndrome is suspected, some additional blood testing and diagnostic imaging will be necessary.  Pseudo-Cushing syndrome will demonstrate a slightly elevated morning cortisol that doesn’t meet the criteria for true Cushing’s type syndrome or disease.

How do you treat it?

First, the stressor must be identified and removed.  Are you getting enough sleep?  Is there an underlying infection? Is there untreated anxiety or depression present?  Are you over-exercising?  These things must be addressed.

Second, underlying depression or anxiety can be treated with counseling, a variety of weight neutral anti-depressant medications or a combination of both.  Many of my patients find that meditation, prayer, and journaling are tremendous helps to overcoming much of the anxiety and depression they experience.

Third, adequate sleep is essential.  Remove the television, computer, cell phone, iPad or other electronic distraction from the bedroom.  Go to bed at the same time and get up at the same time each day. Give yourself time each day away from being plugged in, logged in or on-line.

Fourth, mild intensity (40% of your maximal exertion level) exercise 2-3 days a week was found to lower cortisol; however, moderate intensity (60% of your maximal exertion level) to high intensity (80% of your maximal exertion level) exercise was found to raise it (12).  A simple 20 minute walk, 2-3 times per week is very effective.  Find a hobby that you enjoy and participate in it once or twice a week.  Preferably, a hobby that requires some physical activity. The activity will actually help the sleep wake cycles to improve.

Fifth, follow a low carbohydrate or ketogenic diet.  Ketogenic diets decrease insulin and reverse the effect of long term cortisol production.  Ketogenic diets a have also been shown to decrease or mitigate inflammation by reducing hyperinsulinemia commonly present in these patients (13).

So, the take home message is . . . take your adrenal glands off of overdrive.

References:

  1. Pfohl B, Sherman B, Schlechte J, Winokur G. Differences in plasma ACTH and cortisol between depressed patients and normal controls. Biol Psychiatry 1985; 20:1055.
  2. Pfohl B, Sherman B, Schlechte J, Stone R. Pituitary-adrenal axis rhythm disturbances in psychiatric depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985; 42:897.
  3. Gold PW, Loriaux DL, Roy A, et al. Responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone in the hypercortisolism of depression and Cushing’s disease. Pathophysiologic and diagnostic implications. N Engl J Med 1986; 314:1329.
  4. Ely, D.L. Organization of cardiovascular and neurohumoral responses to stress: implications for health and disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (Reprinted from Stress) 771:594-608, 1995.
  5. McEwen, B.S. The brain as a target of endocrine hormones. In Neuroendocrinology. Krieger and Hughs, Eds.: 33-42. Sinauer Association, Inc., Massachusetts, 1980.
  6. Vicennati, V., L. Ceroni, L. Gagliardi, et al. Response of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenocortical axis to high-protein/fat and high carbohydrate meals in women with different obesity phenotypes. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 87(8) 3984-3988, 2002.
  7. Wallerius, S., R. Rosmond, T. Ljung, et al. Rise in morning saliva cortisol is associated with abdominal obesity in men: a preliminary report. Journal of Endocrinology Investigation 26: 616-619, 2003.
  8. Epel, E.S., B. McEwen, T. Seeman, et al. Stress and body shape: stress-induced cortisol secretion is consistently greater among women with central fat.
    Psychosomatic Medicine 62:623-632, 2000.
  9. Tomlinson, J.W. & P.M. Stewart. The functional consequences of 11_- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression in adipose tissue. Hormone and Metabolism Research 34: 746-751, 2002.
  10. Epel, E., R. Lapidus, B. McEwen, et al. Stress may add bite to appetite in women: a laboratory study of stress-induced cortisol and eating behavior.Psychoneuroendocrinology 26: 37-49, 2001.
  11. Cavagnini, F., M. Croci, P. Putignano, et al. Glucocorticoids and neuroendocrine function. International Journal of Obesity 24: S77-S79, 2000.
  12. Hill EE, Zack E, Battaglini C, Viru M, Vuru A, Hackney AC. Exercise and circulating cortisol levels: the intensity threshold effect. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008. Jul;31(7):587-91.
  13. Fishel MA et al., Hyperinsulinemia Provokes Synchronous Increases in Central Inflammation and β-Amyloid in Normal Adults. Arch Neurol. 2005;62(10):1539-1544. doi:10.1001/archneur.62.10.noc50112.

Chewing the Phat with Dr. Nally (The Psychology of Fat & Many Other Questions)

Join me as we chew the phat of ketogenic lifestyles PeriScope style and answer many questions like, “Why do I get ‘hangry’?”  What causes hypoglycemia?  How many times a day should I eat? and many more . . .

We talk briefly about why 60% of people with insulin resistance may need methylated folic acid to help with B vitamin absorption/use and where it can be found.  (See me recent article about this called The Power of a Good Vitamin.)

You can see the whole PeriScope conversation on Katch.me/docmuscles with the comments scrolling or you can see the video stream below:

Thanks for visiting!!!

Ketogenic Principles . . . Part II

There are three constants in life: change, choice & principles.   Change, ironically acting as a constant, is the variable that we have limited control over.  Accepting that change is going to happen, that change is constant, and making choices to prepare for those changes is the key to success.  My last post introduced the 10 Principles of the Ketogenic Lifestyle.  This post will discuss choice as a foundation for those principles outlined in the ketogenic lifestyle.  Choices are directly influenced by the balance between the mind, the body and the spirit of man.

LIFESTYLE PRINCIPLE 1 – WHEREVER YOU GO, THERE YOU ARE

People seem to get sidetracked off a ketogenic lifestyle for a number of reasons, but the most common I hear is that they were traveling, had company visit or they were on vacation.  Successfully living a lifestyle requires that you first know who you are and where you are before you can consistently make good, solid, principle based choices. So I ask, who are you?  Are you defined by your job, by your finances, by your travels, by your friends or by your vacations?  Each of these experiences is unique.  Our experiences place both good and bad before us.  I have come to learn over time and countless interactions with people that nothing is coincidental.  Everything, good and bad, happen for a reason.

Today’s society teaches the Pleasure Principle.  This is the human instinct to seek pleasure and avoid pain, including avoiding painful recollections.  We often define ourselves by those things that bring us pleasure.  We each go through personal tests, failures and triumphs. Some of us harness all of those experiences for good, others find worsening mental paralysis due to fear of them. We often hide from the painful experiences and attempt to bury or forget them.  Food is often involved with many of the experiences of life, and for a significant number of people, the endorphin release from eating a meal, sometimes just the act of chewing, may be the only pleasure one experience in a day, in a week or a in a year. Many people hide from painful recollections behind the simple pleasure produced by the eating of “comfort foods.”  Food, and our opportunities to experience pleasure from it’s various flavors, textures and physical stimulus, begin to define us.  However, hiding from life’s painful memories with momentary pleasures usually prolongs or makes the problem worse. The ingestion of simple foods containing glucose and fructose, their effect on the liver, and the hedonistic hormonal response is the basis of addiction, and simple carbohydrates provide the perfect fix.

weight watchers diet pillsFascinatingly, when fructose is metabolized in the liver, in the presence of glucose (the basic structure of sugar – one fructose molecule bound to a glucose molecule), the byproduct has a hedonic (pleasure experiencing) effect on the exact same pleasure receptors in the brain that bind to morphine.   Yes, that’s why the M&M’s make you forget your troubles and why the Jolly Rancher is so jolly.  And, its the same reason you crave another do-nut two hours after you ate the entire baker’s dozen.

Although obesity has been recognized as a disease, our use of foods to celebrate with people or events in life is still a form of pleasure seeking. Excuses to deviate from healthy behavior under the guise of family, vacation, or social requirements, acknowledges our willingness to hide from pain with hedonic drugs like chocolate chip cookies and cotton candy.  In fact, it’s usually a welcomed and and expected acceptable excuse.

“Dr. Nally, I can cheat eat and bad, (meals loaded with starch) because I’m on vacation” . . . from my problems.  It’s so acceptable, we’ve based movie themes around it. Vacation from your problems

Healing can only occur when one is willing to confront and talk about the reasons, the real reasons you’d rather experience the endorphins from the do-nuts with your family instead of acknowledge your weakness, stresses, and fears.  Many of us are so afraid of where we might be, we avoid acknowledging where and who we are.  It takes courage not to take the easy path.  And I will be the first to admit, pizza is the easy path and it’s scenic views are decorated with french fry palms and sunset clouds of apple fritters.

“There appears to be a conscience in mankind which severely punishes the man who does not somehow and at some time, at whatever cost to his pride, cease to defend and assert himself, and instead confess himself fallible and human. Until he can do this, an impenetrable wall shuts him out from the living experience of feeling himself a man among men.  Here we find a key to the great significance of true, un-stereotyped confession – a significance known in all the initiation and mystery cults of the ancient world, as is shown by a saying from the Greek mysteries: “Give up what thou hast, and thou will receive.” (Carl Jung)

We have a choice about what to eat and when to eat, however, each choice has a reward and/or a consequence.

Points of Focus: Where are you and what are you hiding from?  Sharing your weaknesses actually empowers you you overcome them. This can often be accomplished through the simple act of journaling, planing your meals the day before and journaling your successes and failures in that plan the following day.  Allowing yourself and others insight into your times of weakness actually brings strength.  It allows one to look at the reasons for food choices base on how you feel, and how you felt after the choice.  If forces one to think about a choice before it ever has to be made.  In my 15 years of medical practice, I have yet to hear a child find fault with a parent who worked tirelessly to make ends meet, admittedly struggled with alcoholism, battled against disease or fought against belittling for a belief. The child has always expressed their admiration of their parent’s courage and understanding of why decisions were made, even when erroneous. It takes courage to admit that wherever you go – there you are.

LIFESTYLE PRINCIPLE 2 – KEEP IT REAL

Keep it realI no longer believe in coincidence.  Whether you have thought about it or not, every interaction you have with others (even our interaction . . . your reading this blog), are not by coincidence. There is a reason.  Whether you believe it or not, everything around us testifies that God exists; the Hand of Providence can be seen from the rotation of the earth, planets and stars, the precision of the seasons, the balance of the atmosphere allowing for the perfect pressures and concentration of elements to sustain a life giving breath, to the perfect replication of DNA within billions of cells throughout the body.  I’m not trying to get religious, and, no, I can’t prove this through the scientific method . . . But, if the Big Bang started the universe, what started the Big Bang?  Where did the first atom or molecule or particle of dust come from?  I have a very difficult time accepting that you and I are here by accident, by a chaotic explosion that created order.  That implies that there must be a plan, and that plan had to have been set in motion by a Creator.  That also implies that that Creator placed solutions to our challenges, including the diseases of civilization, within our grasp and available to those seeking the solutions upon the earth today.

I have seen enough in my medical career to know that simple coincidence has frequently become significantly important, life changing and often life saving. This does not happen by accident and screams loud and clear that there is a plan for you and me.  No good father would lock his child in a room without doors or windows or any escape without everything in the room, both good and bad, pointing to the reason the child was in the room, and pointing the way for the child to become his or her best self, physically and emotionally.  Life has meaning. It is supposed to. If we get off track, coincidence and interactions lead us back.

“Behold, the hour cometh, yea, is now come, that ye shall be scattered, every man to his own, and shall leave me alone: and yet I am not alone because the Father is with me.” (John 16:32)

The Bible, among other records, records the voices of men and women from years past transcribing their experiences with the Hand of Providence, how that spiritual void was filled, how it helped the with choice and how our lives have deeper meaning and consequence, even amidst significant adversity.

Take a week and look at the synchronicity of your life.  Journal about it.  Don’t dismiss a second invitation from someone to discuss an opportunity or meet someone your friend thinks could be important to you, open that book that someone left behind on the subway seat beside you. Don’t assume it is meaningless, that some kind person returned your sunglasses or your wallet.   Look at the simple interactions and recent relationships.  These are the breadcrumbs and the street signs from a loving Creator, a loving Father.

Keeping it real means nothing less than complete authenticity.  The last place you want to be is in the first-class seat on the plane to no-where.  Have the faith to get off the plane and take the bus, ride your bike, or even swim upstream in the direction you’re supposed to be going. Look for the coincidences, bread crumbs and spiritual street signs in your life.

How does this relate to a ketogenic lifestyle?  Every religion or spiritual tradition speaks of a polestar.  The polestar is that anchor to which the entire solar system is tied by invisible aerial chords and the engine that powers the universe.  Those cords are connected with our own individual polestars.  A ketogenic lifestyle is one that encompasses mind, body and spirit.  It is a lifestyle that demands that you link and align your personal polestar with the truth inside and around you.  It takes both courage and faith, but it brings immeasurable strength and help in achieving your goals.  A person out of balance with life is under stress.  Chronic stress produces excessive cortisol and other powerful adrenal hormones that displace the body’s and the mind’s endocrinologic balance, leading to weight gain, weight retention, and chronic disease.  This often has significant effect externally on the body in processes seen like depression, anxiety, fibromyalgia, and allowing for amplification of inflammation and auto-immune dysfunction.  We refer to this inter-relationship in the medical community as psychosomatic and/or viscerosomatic dysfunction, the psyche (the mind) and/or the viscera (internal endocrine organs) directly and adversely influence the function of the soma (the structural body separate from the mind).

“He who does not know himself, does not know anything, but he who knows himself, knows the depth of all things. 

” . . . If you bring forth what is within you, what you bring forth will save you. If you do not bring forth what is within you, what you do not bring forth will destroy you.”  (Book of Thomas the Contender)

Point of Focus: Your life is never without meaning. Keep it real by recognizing that diet alone may not compete your answer for physical health.  Having courage and faith allow you to see and embrace the truth that is right in front of you. The  Alcoholics Anonymous’ 12 step program only becomes successful when one realistically and courageously applies their faith to align with the truth they have felt all along.  For any long-term lifestyle change to take place, one must connect and live the principles before one truly knows they are true.  In this way the Ketogenic Lifestyle becomes real.

KetoOS
KetoOS – Drinkable Exogenous Ketones

LIFESTYLE PRINCIPLE 3 – TO cheat, or NOT to cheat, that is the question

cheat mealI have been asked this question by every patient I have placed on a ketogenic diet at least once and often three or four times throughout the course of our treatment plan. I usually answer this question with a question. “Why do you want to cheat?”

The desire to cheat usually arises form one of three reasons:

  1. You’re not eating enough fat to satiate your appetite and you are truly hungry.  The body recognizes that it can use and absorb glucose much faster than fat, as fuel, so it naturally will crave “sweets.”  In this case, the case of true hunger, solution is to increase your fat intake.  You should be eating at least 50% of your total calories in the form of fat.
  2. Insulin loads are still high, stimulating rebound hunger and hedonistic cravings. You’re either eating too many carbohydrates with your diet or you’re using a sweetener that stimulates insulin without raising blood sugar  (See my article The Skinny about Sweeteners).
  3. Cheating with a specific food fulfills a psychological need, feeds an addiction or represents an obligation to fulfill a societal ritual. Journaling helps to identify and break this cycle.

If you are truly in ketosis the cravings to cheat don’t exist, they actually disappear.  Other societal rituals, like birthdays, anniversaries, weddings, spiritual ceremonies or rites of passage are often tied to or use food as symbolism.  In these cases, the decision to cheat is really yours.

When a person cheats, it can take as many as 3-5 days to get back into ketosis, and for some 2-3 weeks.  Carbohydrate cravings will rebound and often be present for up to 72 hours after cheating. You have to decide if cheating is worth 3 days of carbohydrate cravings and 3-7 days of stifled weight loss.

Point of Focus: There are no Ketosis Police! Really. They don’t exist!  Dr. Nally will not show up in uniform on your doorstep with a set of handcuffs and a bag of pork rinds. You won’t be arrested for eating bread and those of us who have been following a strict ketogenic lifestyle for years really don don’t mind at all if you decide to cheat.  We will smile and we may even ask you how it tastes or if you liked the flavor, but don’t be self-conscious, because when one is in ketosis for a few months, we really don’t crave cheating any longer, and we won’t judge you. And, don’t feel obligated to justify why your cheating, this is a lifestyle.  You probably won’t ask me why I chose to wear long sleeves on a hot day in Arizona, for the same reason I won’t ask you why you decided to wear a Speedo.

LIFESTYLE PRINCIPLE 4 – Hunger Management

Man-vs-Shark_11Life comes at you pretty fast and if you’re not prepared, hunger can bite you.  Most people fall off the wagon when they are unprepared for missing a meal on a stressful day. I’ve recently heard the argument that “there is no wagon, so don’t worry about falling off.”  This is false security that leaves one unprepared for life events.  Pioneers traveled in wagons for two reasons.   First, the wagon held supplies essential for survival.  Second, wagons usually traveled in wagon trains.  This means that there was more than one person on the wagon and there was more than one wagon on the trail with you. Traveling with a wagon train meant you had others on the same trail with the same tools for safety and support.

In the world of fast foot, fast photos and speedy delivery, we often don’t adequately prepare for hunger or cravings.  There are some essential hunger management tools for the Ketogenic Lifestyle:

  1. Eat meals containing >50% fat.  This, in and of itself, delays hunger and ensures the satiety center of the brain is happy for longer periods of time.
  2. Carry rescue foods with you or keep them at your office or in your fridge at home. These include low-carb nuts like almonds, walnuts, macadamia nuts; Keep hard and string cheese handy for a snack.  Use sliced deli-meats with the cheese as a snack when the cravings kick in.  Pork Rinds, beef jerky, olives, are great natural food options.
  3. If you have time and can cook, develop your favorite “Fat Bombs and have a bag full in the fridge for those cravings.
  4. Having the moral support of a buddy, spouse, friend or work companion who checks on your progress daily, assists with meals and meal choices is priceless. Periscope, a free Twitter based App, has become a means of checking in with your Ketogenic Support group around the world that connects to those you follow on Twitter.  You can follow me, @docmuscles, and a number of fascinating health Periscopes that focus on ketogenic, low-carb, whole food paleo approaches:  @livinlowcarbman, @_danielleeaton, @kasandrinos, @fatissmartfuel, @domskitchen, @mikemutzel, @keribrewster, @tombilyeu, @glutenfreenj, @paleocomfort.
  5. Being accountable to yourself in a diet journal daily and to your doctor regularly every 1-2 months also helps keep motivation going forward. Jimmy Moore, author and podcaster at the Livin’ La Vida Low-Carb Show has also posted one of the most extensive lists of physicians specializing in ketogenic diets from around the world.  You can find that list here.

LIFESTYLE PRINCIPLE 5 – Stress Reduction

Pages and pages can be written about stress reduction.  In fact, I’ve written about the chemical responses that stress has on weight gain in my post, Stress. . . The Weight Loss Killer.  But there are a few daily essentials that should be added into the Ketogenic Lifestyle to manage stress.

First, are you getting adequate sleep? Remove the television, computer, cell phone, iPad or other electronic distraction from the bedroom.  Go to bed at the same time and get up at the same time each day. Give yourself time each day away from being plugged in, logged in or on-line.

Second, over exercising or being malnourished can cause chronic stress. I have a number of patient that have been convinced that they have to work out 60 minutes a day 6-7 days per week.  It is essential that you realize muscles need a minimum of 48-72 hours to recover from specific types of exercise.  If you run for 60 minutes.  It will take your muscles 48 hours to recover from the running. If you do upper body weight lifting, it will take 48-72 hours for those muscles to recover from that weight lifting.  Exercising the same muscle group with the same exercise over stresses the muscles and leads to significant chronic stress, spiking the cortisol levels and halting weight loss and raising cholesterol & triglycerides.  Under eating or fasting to starvation has the same effect.

Third,  mild intensity (40% of your maximal exertion level) exercise 2-3 days a week was found in a recent study to lower cortisol and decrease over-all stress, raising serotonin and dopamine in the brain; however, moderate intensity (60% of your maximal exertion level) to high intensity (80% of your maximal exertion level) exercise was found to raise it.  A simple 20 minute walk, 2-3 times per week is very effective at stress reduction, reduction in cortisol and improvement in ketosis.

Point of Focus: The goal is cortisol reduction. This can be done through regular and restful sleep and mild exercise. Chronic elevation in cortisol directly stimulates an increase in insulin by increasing the production of glucose in the body, and cortisol blockaids the thyroid axis. Both of these actions halt the ability to loose weight, amplifies the production of inflammatory hormones and drives weight gain. Cortisol also increases appetite.  That’s why many people get significant food cravings when they are under stress (“stress eaters”). Cortisol also indirectly affects the other neuro-hormones of the brain including CRH (corticotrophin releasing hormone), leptin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY). High levels of NPY and CRH and reduced levels of leptin have also been shown to stimulate appetite.

Hopefully, this gives you some starting points and direction to your Ketogenic Lifestyle.  If I’ve missed something that you’ve found to be essential, let me know. Its always great to hear what has helped you in your Ketogenic journey.  Until next time, pass the butter!!!