There is a commonly misquoted phrase that says, “A jack of all trades is a master of none.” However, the full quote attributed to William Shakespeare actually reads, “A jack of all trades is a master of none, but often times better than a master of one.”
Possessing skills in multiple areas is valuable. Today it is even more valuable than in the past. Learning even a little bit about business, philosophy, physics, coding, economics, gardening, ranching, construction, etc. may put you in a position of immediate value in almost any group.
Become a T-shaped person. This is a person who has specialized knowledge and skills in a particular area, as well as the desire and ability to make connections across different disciplines.
I have personally found that expanding my learning in other broad areas of interest have made my expertise in medicine, health and diet so much more rewarding. It is why I have my own ranch with horses, goats, chickens, ducks and dogs. It is why I’ve studied European Swordsmanship and Martial Arts. It was the driver for getting trained in hypnotherapy. And, it is why I love riding motorcycles. All of these interests have played a role in deepening my medical expertise.
“Like chess masters and firefighters, pre-modern villagers relied on things being the same tomorrow as they were yesterday. They were extremely well prepared for what they had experienced before, and extremely poorly equipped for everything else. Their very thinking was highly specialized in a manner that the modern world has been telling us is increasingly obsolete. They were perfectly capable of learning from experience, but failed at learning without experience.
“And, that is what a rapidly changing, wicked world demands, conceptual reasoning skills that can connect new ideas and work across contexts. Faced with any problem they had not directly experienced before, the remote villagers were completely lost.
“That is not an option for us. The more constrained and repetitive a challenge, the more likely it will be automated, while great rewards will accrue to those who can take conceptual knowledge from one problem or domain and apply it in an entirely new one” (David Epstein, Range: Why Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World).
It is possible that in an earlier world, where change occurs slowly, specialization represents and provides a significant competitive advantage. However, in today’s ever-changing world, integrating your specialist skills with a variety of other skills becomes a new and powerful competitive advantage.
In a world where you have the freedom to explore the things you’re curious about, don’t limit yourself to just one. Definitely be an expert in one particular field, but don’t be afraid to go out and learn about topics that aren’t directly related to your specialty.
“A jack of all trades is a master of none, but oftentimes better than a master of one.”
I woke today seeing a large fork in the road of life. It was more prominent that other forks I’ve seen in my 50 years of navigating life’s highways.
Everyone eventually comes upon this fork. Yet, this morning, because of the crisis created in life, it loomed bigger and beckoned prompt decision.
The road separated to the left and to the right.
The road to the left was paved in the color of dole. People followed neatly in line. They donned their masks. They carried their subsidy checks in freshly hand sanitized hands. Neatly packaged rations of toilet paper, and chicken under their arms. The path was smooth, well-trodden, the evidence of thousands passing down this fork. The road sign pointing to the left said “Victim.”
The road to the right was not nearly as smooth. It was rocky, and in some areas, not well marked. A small sign, barely visible, hidden in the shadows of overgrowth pointed to the right and said “Victor.”
When you look back on your life, and you remember today and the decision before you at the fork in the road, will you have merely survived? Or will you have thrived?
Has the experience of the first few months of 2020 softened you or hardened you? Have you even noticed? Did you even see the signs at the fork in the road?
The road you chose is up to you and you alone.
When you feel stuck, when your life is stagnating, it takes courage to turn down a different path. It takes effort and resolve to break free and walk a different path. Traveling a different road gives you a new perspective, an interlude to the mundane, and forces you to be alert and to learn.
Stop waiting for the instructions. You already know what to do.
I know you want to hear it. I know you need to hear it. But, no one is going to tell you it’s finally “safe.” It will never be completely safe. That’s the whole point of life. Growth does not occur in restraints. When you’re not feeling safe, remember, you’re growing.
Many voices can be heard beckoning you down the well beaten path of ease. Sure, you could live out your life on the couch. It’s softer and safer there, quarantined upon your familiar couch.
Stop waiting for someone to re-train you, re-hire you or even reassure you. Reassurance is only momentary. Stop waiting for the next “expert” to change your life with an enlightened YouTube video. The herd will never be immunized. That’s why you were given you own immune system. Stop waiting for a vaccine, a magic pill, or the sound of “all clear.” It will never be all clear. Lean into the challenge.
Stop waiting for someone to re-open your life. No one is coming to save you. The sad but honest truth is no one really cares. So, stand up, step out, work a bit harder.
It’s up to you to protect, provide and steer your carriage down the road. Do not give up that greatest of all your gifts, your ability to chose. Yes, you must chose. If your ability to chose is taken, you’ll never see it again in your lifetime.
The road will never be the same, it never is. The road you chose today determines the level to which you just survive or thrive. Chose to thrive.
Over fifty years of data have demonstrated that creating energy deficit through the reduction in caloric intake is effective in reducing weight. . . However, it is only for the short term (1, 2). The biggest challenge physicians face in the treatment of obesity is that calorie restriction fails when it comes to long-term weight loss.
Isn’t Fasting Effective in Long-Term Weight Loss?
With the craze and popularity of intermittent fasting, some have claimed that intermittent fasting is more effective in weight reduction. Recent results demonstrate that this may also be incorrect. In the short term evaluation of caloric restriction and intermittent fasting, reduction in 15-20 lbs of weight is effectively seen and the highly publicized Biggest Loser’s losing ~ 120 lbs. Intermittent fasting and alternate day fasting have been shown to be more effective in lowering insulin levels and other inflammatory markers in the short term.
There is, however, controversy over maintaining weight loss beyond 12 months in the calorie restriction, intermittent and alternate day fasting groups. Forty different studies in a recent literature review, thirty-one of those studies looking at forms of intermittent fasting, demonstrate that the majority of people regain the weight within the first 12 months of attempting to maintain weight loss(3, 5). This is, also, what I have seen for over 18 years of medical practice.
Is Calorie Restriction the Only Way to Lose Fat?
Numerous “experts” claim that the only way to reduce fat is “caloric deficit.” Variations through the use of intermittent, long-term or alternate day fasts can be found all over the internet. In regards to calorie restriction, these “experts” with nothing more than a personal experience and a blog to back their claims preach this louder than the “televangelists” preach religion. Based on the faith that many place in this dogma, it could be a religion. What causes belief in this dogma is that weight and fat loss actually does occur with caloric restriction to a point. The average person will lose 20-25 lbs, however, within 12 months of achieving this goal, most people regain all the weight. (No one ever mentions the almost universal problem with long-term weight loss, especially those “experts.”)
Prolonged calorie restricted fasts, intermittent fasts, and alternate day fasts are often grouped together into the fasting approach, causing significant confusion among those that I speak to and counsel in my office. There is great data that alternate day fasts do not have the reduction in resting energy expenditure that prolonged fasting, intermittent fasting and calorie restriction cause. However, none of these approaches appears to solve the problem of weight re-gain after long-term (12-24 months into maintenance) weight loss (3). And, a recent study of 100 men participating in alternate day fasting showed that there was a 38% dropout rate, implying that without close supervision and direction, maintenance of this lifestyle is not feasible for over 1/3rd of those attempting it.
Long-Term Weight Loss Failure Brings Tears
Failure on calorie restricted diets, low fat diets, and intermittent fasting diets with weight regain at twelve to twenty-four months is the most common reason people end up in my office in tears. They’ve fasted, starved themselves, calorie restricted, tried every form of exercise, and still regained the weight. Trainers, coaches and “experts” have belittled them for “cheating” or just not keeping to the diet. Yet, we know that calorie restriction and intermittent fasting cause a rebound in leptin, amilyn, peptid YY, cholecystikinin, insulin, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory peptide and pancreatic poly peptide by twelve months causing ineffective long-term weight loss (6). The dramatic rise in these hormones stimulates tremendous hunger, especially from ghrelin and leptin.
N Eng J Med 27 Oct 2011. Mean (±SE) Fasting and Postprandial Levels of Ghrelin, Peptide YY, Amylin, and Cholecystokinin (CCK) at Baseline, 10 Weeks, and 62 Weeks.
Although less problematic in alternate day fasting, these calorie restricted approaches also cause dramatic slowing of the metabolism at the twelve month mark. In many cases, the metabolic rate never actually returns to baseline, creating even more difficulty in losing further weight or even maintaining weight (6).
N Engl J Med 27 Oct 2011. Mean changes is weight from 0 – 62 weeks.
Is Gastric Bypass or Gastric Sleeve the Solution?
Gastric bypass and the gastric sleeve procedures have been touted as the solution to this problem, as they decrease ghrelin, however, 5-10 years later, these patients are also back in my office. They find that 5-10 years after these procedures the weight returns, cholesterol and blood pressure rise, and diabetes returns. These hormones kick into high gear, stimulating hunger in the face of a slowed metabolism, that to date, has been the driver for weight regain in the majority of people. People find it nearly impossible to overcome the hunger. You may have experienced this, I know I have.
It’s the Hormones, Baby!
So, what is the answer? It’s the hormones. (WARNING – You’ll hear that when your wife is pregnant, too, gentlemen). We are hormonal beings, both in weight gain, and in pregnancy. Trying to preach calorie control to a hormonal being is like showing up at the brothel to baptize the staff. You might get them into the water, but you’re probably not getting them returning weekly to church or pay a tithe.
So, how do you manipulate the hormones in a way to control the rebounding hunger and suppression of metabolism? This is where we put a bit of twist on the knowledge we’ve gained from alternate day fasting. Recent research shows that “mild” energy deficit in a pulsatile manner, that has the ability to mimicking the body’s normal bio-rhythm’s is dramatically effective in reducing weight and maintaining normal hormonal function without cause of rebound metabolic slowing (4).
Pulsed Mild Energy Restriction
What does this mean in layman’s terms? It means that if we provide a diet that maintains satiety hormones while providing a period of baseline total energy expenditure needs and a period of mildly reduce caloric intake in a pulsed or cyclic manner, greater weight loss occurs and there is no rebound of weight 1-2 years later.
The main reason I’ve not jumped on the intermittent fasting band wagon is the shift in leptin, amylin, ghrelin and GLP-1 signaling that regularly occurs at the 6-12 month mark. The rebound of these hormones causes weight re-gain and is what prevents successful long-term weight loss. A number of people come to my office and tell me they couldn’t follow a ketogenic diet, so they’re doing intermittent fasting and it works . . . for a while. Then, they end up in my office having hit a plateau or fallen off the wagon and regained all the weight. They are completely confused and don’t understand what happned. Most of them are convinced it’s their thyroid or cortisol and they’ve seen every naturopath and functional medicine doctor in town.
What people really need is a simple approach to long-term weight loss without having to spend the night in the physiology lab every two weeks sleeping under a ventilated hood system.
The Ketogenic Lifestyle is a Pulsed Energy Lifestyle
Third, providing adequate fat is the simple way to maintain leptin, ghrelin, amylin, GLP-1 (among the others) and long-term weight loss. Can you eat too much fat? Of course you can. But, because each of us have differing levels of stress and activity each day, this fat intake becomes the lever for hunger control.
Fourth, the use of exogenous ketones ensures easily accessible ketone (short chain fatty acids) to modulate adipose (white fat) signaling of the liver without large caloric intake through the portal vein by first pass of liver metabolism. The ketones also help stabilize the gut bacteria. The combination of hormone balance between the liver and fat cells and improvement of gut bacteria suppresses key hunger hormones and aids glucose regulation between the fatty tissues and the liver. Ketones, both endogenous and exogenous, suppress production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, resistin, and stabilize production of adiponectin and leptin from the adipose cells (7, 8, 9).
In my office, once we calculate the basic protein needs daily, we start with a 1:1 ratio of protein to fat. Then, the fat is adjusted up or down based on hunger. Remember, hunger occurs, because your body produces hormones. The addition of fat to a diet that is not stimulating large amounts of insulin resets the hormone patterns back to normal without causing weight gain.
Give Obese People Fat Ad Libitum?
“Sure, Dr. Nally, but what about those people who don’t know if they are hungry, bored, stressed or just have a bacon fixation? You can’t just give them all the fat they want?!”
Why not? Implying that people aren’t smart enough to know when they are full is a bit of a fascist philosophy, don’t you think?
Do people over eat? Sure they do. But, I’ve found that when you give people an antidote to hunger (using fat intake in the presence of stabilized insulin levels) over a few months, people begin to recognize true hunger from other forms of cravings. This is especially true when they keep a diet journal. This gives people the ability to begin listening to their own bodies, responding accordingly and governing their stress, eating, exercise and activity. Keeping a diet journal is key to long-term weight loss. And, isn’t helping people use their own agency to improve their health really what we’re trying to do?
Interestingly, doing this over the years seems to line up with the findings of this year’s MATADOR study in the International Journal of Obesity. They found that mild intermittent energy restriction of about 30-33% for two weeks, then interrupting this with two weeks of a diet that was energy balanced for needs improved both short and long-term weight loss efficiency (4). In looking at my, and my patient’s diet journals, this energy restriction of about 1/3 of needed calories cyclically seems to happens naturally with a ketogenic lifestyle, without even counting calories. (Calories are a swear-word in my office).
What does the correct long-term wight loss program look like in a diet or meal plan? Well, you’ll have to join the Ketogenic Lifestyle 101 Course to see what that really means to you individually. I look forward to seeing you there.
Want to find out more about the Ketogenic Lifestyle 101 course? CLICK HERE.
Have you read my book The Keto Cure? Get a signed copy from me by clicking HERE.
References:
Bronson FH, Marsteller FA. “Effect of short-term food deprivation on reproduction in female mice.” Biol Reprod. Oct 1985; 33(3): 660-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4052528?dopt=Abstract&holding=npg
Connors JM, DeVito WJ, Hedge GA. “Effects of food deprivation on the feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of the rat.” Endocrinology. Sep 1985. 117(3): 900-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3926471?dopt=Abstract&holding=npg
Seimon RV, Roekenes JA, Zibellini J, Zhu B, Gibson AA, Hills AP, Wood RE, King NA, Byrne NM, Sainsbury A. “Do intermittent diets provide physiological beneftis over continuous diets for weight loss? A systematic review of clinical trials.” Mol Cell Endo. 15 Dec 2015. 418(2): 153-172. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303720715300800
Byrne NM, Sainsbury A, King NA, Hills AP, Wood RE. “Intermittent energy restriction improves weight loss efficiency in obese men: the MATADOR study.” Int J Obes. 2018. 42:129-138. https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo2017206
Trepanowski JF, Kroeger CM, Barnosky A. “Effect of Alternate-Day Fasting on Weight Loss, Weight Maintenance, and Cardioprotection Among Metabolically Healthy Obese Adults.” JAMA Intern Med. Jul 2017. 177(7): 930-938. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2623528?redirect=true
Sumithran P, Prendergast LA, Delbridge E, Purcell K, Shulkes A, Kriketos A, Proietto J. “Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss.” N Engl J Med. 27 Oct 2011. 365: 1597-1604. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1105816
Asrih M et al., “Ketogenic diet impairs FGF21 signaling and promotes differential inflammatory responses in the liver and white adipose tissue.” PlosOne. 14 May 2015. Open Access. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126364
Veniant MM et al. “FGF21 promotes metabolic homeostasis via white adipose and leptin in mice.” PlosOne. Jul 2012. Open access. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040164
Whittle AJ, “FGF21 conducts a metabolic orchestra and fat is a key player.” Endocrinology. 1 May2016. 157(5): 1722-1724.
Ketogenic Lifestyle Rule #2: Life Begins at the Edge of Your Comfort Zone
We have been taught for over 50 years that the minimum carbohydrate intake necessary to maintain health is 130 grams per day, with the average diet of 2000 calories per day containing around 300 grams per day based on 1977 recommendations that 55-60% of are dietary intake should come from carbohydrates. This value was initially established during World War II by a committee of scientists tasked with determining dietary changes that might effect national defense (1). These “guidelines,” originally called the Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) and accepted by many as the gospel truth, have been modified every ten years and in 1997 changed to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI). However, the recommended carbohydrate values have not changed other than “avoiding added sugars” in the most recent 2015 recommendations.
In light of the fact that there are NO actual diseases caused by lack of carbohydrate intake, most dietitians and physicians still preach the carbohydrate dogma originally outlined by the RDA. I say dogma, because these recommendations are based on a diet that vilifies fat, particularly animal fat like red meat. Say the words “red meat” around a dietician these days you’d think Voldemort (“He Who Shall Not Be Named”) had returned.
I bring up the carbohydrate quandary because it is a question that I am asked every single day. The question that seems to be asked of me, more and more, is what exactly is a carbohydrate?
Let’s make it simple. There are really only three types of carbohydrates:
Sugar
Starch (known as complex carbohydrates)
Fiber
Let’s start with Sugar. The simple form of carbohydrates, and the form that spikes your blood sugar and insulin rapidly, are called mono-saccharides (glucose, galactose, fructose & xylose). When two of these mono-saccharides are bound together they form disaccharides like sucrose, also known as “table sugar” (glucose + fructose), lactose found in milk (glucose + galactose), and maltose found in cereals and sweet potatoes (glucose + glucose).
Milk Sugar or Lactose (glucose + glucose)
The simple monosaccharides or disaccharides are easy broken into their mono-saccharide form in the blood stream and require the body to produce insulin to be used. The person with insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose or type II diabetes often produces 2-10 times the normal amount of insulin to correctly use these mono-saccharides (see why this is a problem in: The Dreaded Seven: Seven Detrimental Things Caused By High Insulin Levels). Remember, fruit is also simple sugar containing the mono-saccharide fructose . . . which we call “natures candy” in my office.
“Yea, I know sugar is bad for me, but Dr. Nally, I just eat the good starches.”
If I had a nickel for every time I’ve herd that phrase . . .
We’ve become comfortable with shunning fat and “simple sugar,” but in the process we’ve been eating more “good starch.” But the “good starches” are also saccharides – just in longer chains of more than three glucose molecules bound together. Our gut easily breaks the bonds between the glucose links and turns these starches into mono-saccharides to be used as fuel. It takes a bit longer than the simple sugars above, so the release of insulin is slower (which is why it has a better glycemic index score), but whether you produce the insulin in the first hour or the second hour after eating it, insulin is still insulin. In the case of insulin resistance, the damage is still done.
These good starches make up “comfort food” like bread, rice, pasta, potatoes, corn, grains & oats. To the patient with insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose or type II diabetes, the higher insulin response stimulates increased weight gain, rise in cholesterol, shift in hormone function and progression of atherosclerosis (vascular and heart disease). See the recent article on Why Your Oatmeal is Killing Your Libedo.
What about “resistance starches?” These are still starches and I am finding clinically that they still cause a rise in insulin and push people out of ketosis (See Common Ketosis Killers).
Finally, Fiber. Fiber is a carbohydrate, however, it is the indigestible part of the plant. Fiber has double bonds between the saccharides that human gastrointestinal tracts cannot digest. In most cases, fiber passes right through the intestines without being digested. It actually acts like a broom for your colon, helping the intestines to move nutrients through the system. This is why I recommend 1-2 leafy green salads a day for most patient’s following ketogenic diet. Fiber does help to promote bowel function.
The Leafy Greens
Fruit, non-green vegetables, pasta, grains and breads do contain good sources of fiber, however, these foods also have absorbable starches making them problematic as noted above.
The take home message is this, the use of starch or simple carbohydrate will be problematic for weight loss, cholesterol control, blood sugar control or blood pressure control in a patient with insulin resistance.
Therefore, the ketogenic lifestyle truly begins at the end of your comfort zone.
Sitting around the dinner table this evening we began discussing personality types. As a fun exercise, we each took the Jung Typology Test based on Jung and Myers-Briggs findings about personality. If you haven’t taken this personality test, you might find it quite interesting and the topic of hours of conversation around the dinner table . . . as we did this evening. The test is free on-line and takes about 10 minutes.
Carl Gustav Jung – Swiss Psychiatrist & Psychotherapist
The actual Myers-Briggs Type Indicator costs about $50.00 and includes an interpretation by someone trained in giving the test. It differs slightly in its questions and the way the testing is interpreted.
Both tests provide an interesting insight into your individual psychological preferences regarding four categories. According to Carl G. Jung’s theory of psychological types published in 1971, people can be characterized, first, by their preference or general attitude about the source of and how they express their energy:
Extraverted (E) vs. Introverted (I)
The second preference is one of the two functions of perception, or related to how they perceive information coming from either the external or internal world:
Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N)
and the third preference relates to how one processes the information that they have received, acting as one of the two functions of thought or judgement:
Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F)
Isabel Briggs Myers, a researcher and practitioner of Jung’s theory, proposed that the fourth preference related to how one applies or implements the information that he or she processed above. She proposed a judging-perceiving relationship as the fourth dichotomy influencing personality type in 1980:
Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P)
Each of these dichotomies represents an opposite pole of preference and each of us have a dominant pole toward which we gravitate.
Based upon your dominant traits, a personality type index is assigned.
Kim and Lee studied these personality preferences and how they relate to diet, health and propensity toward obesity. Their findings were interesting in that expression, perception and judgement did not seem to have any bearing on health or obesity. However, the application of judgement vs perception did play a role in health. Judging (J) means that a person organizes all of his or her life events and, as a rule, sticks to those plans. Perceiving (P) means that he or she is inclined to improvise and explore alternative options.
Significantly better dietary and health behaviors were identified in those preferring Judging (J) versus those preferring Perceiving (P) traits. Those preferring the Judging (J) behaviors included eating breakfast, regularly eating three meals a day, smoking less, exercising more and having a lower tendency to nocturnal eating.
The findings show that the use of Jung Type or Myers-Briggs Type Indicator may be helpful in identifying and index those with a Perceiving (P) trait that would benefit from dietary and exercise education, nutritional counseling and/or behavior modification programs.
It has been my experience that those with a “P” type dichotomy preference would benefit greatly from daily food planning and journaling.
So, what is your Jung/Myers-Briggs type?
Just for fun, and because my kids were very curious about what each personality type would appear as in character, I’ve included the Jung/Myers-Briggs Disney typing.
As our children return to school this year and the pencils are sharpened, our questions should focus on whether the minds of our youth being sharpened. If not, then do something about it.
For over 50 years we accepted the indoctrination of rote fact about the calorie-in/calorie-out dogma of weight gain. The consequence of learning rather than thinking is of the diseases of civilization now prevalent in over 2/3rds of the population.
The world, generally divides men into those two general classifications, but the world is often wrong. There are men and women who win the admiration and respect of their fellowmen. They are profoundly worth while individuals. Dreaming is just another name for thinking, planning, devising – another way of saying that a man or woman exercises his or her soul. A steadfast soul, holding steadily to an ideal that first sprouted as a dream, plus a sturdy will determined to succeed in any venture, can make any dream come true. Use your mind and use your will. The two work together for you beautifully if you’ll only give them a chance.
The challenge with learning is that it is impossible for a man to learn what he thinks he already knows. It’s what we think we already know that often prevents us from learning. The mind is much like a parachute, it works very best when it is open. It helps to recognize that the problems we face today cannot be solved with the same thinking that created them. And, the secret to fixing the problems is to not focus all of your energies on the old, but to build upon the new.
So, how do you manipulate the hormones in a way to control the rebounding hunger and suppression of metabolism? This is where we put a bit of twist on the knowledge we’ve gained from alternate day fasting. Recent research shows that “mild” energy deficit in a pulsatile manner, that has the ability to mimicking the body’s normal bio-rhythm’s is dramatically effective in reducing weight and maintaining normal hormonal function without cause of rebound metabolic slowing (4).
